Salmonellosis is a form of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella infection. The main transmission route of salmonellosis has been identified as poorly cooked meat and poultry products contaminated with Salmonella. However, in recent years, the number of outbreaks attributed to contaminated raw produce has increased dramatically. To understand how Salmonella adapts to produce, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow exposed to fresh-cut radish greens. Considering the different Salmonella lifestyles in contact with fresh produce, such as motile and sessile lifestyles, total RNA was extracted from planktonic and epiphytic cells separately. Transcriptomic analysis of S. Virchow cells revealed different transcription profiles between lifestyles. During bacterial adaptation to fresh-cut radish greens, planktonic cells were likely to shift toward anaerobic metabolism, exploiting nitrate as an electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration, and utilizing cobalamin as a cofactor for coupled metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, Salmonella cells adhering to plant surfaces showed coordinated upregulation in genes associated with translation and ribosomal biogenesis, indicating dramatic cellular reprogramming in response to environmental changes. In accordance with the extensive translational response, epiphytic cells showed an increase in the transcription of genes that are important for bacterial motility, nucleotide transporter/metabolism, cell envelope biogenesis, and defense mechanisms. Intriguingly, Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 and SPI-2 displayed up- and downregulation, respectively, regardless of lifestyles in contact with the radish greens, suggesting altered Salmonella virulence during adaptation to plant environments. This study provides molecular insights into Salmonella adaptation to plants as an alternative environmental reservoir.

中文翻译：

---

用于了解肠道沙门氏菌对受污染农产品适应性的转录组学方法。

沙门氏菌病是一种由沙门氏菌感染引起的肠胃炎。沙门氏菌病的主要传播途径已被确定为受沙门氏菌污染的未煮熟的肉类和家禽产品。然而，近年来，由于受污染的生鲜产品引起的疾病暴发数量急剧增加。为了解沙门氏菌如何适应生产，对暴露于鲜切萝卜青菜的肠道沙门氏菌血清型 Virchow 进行了转录组学分析。考虑到与新鲜农产品接触的不同沙门氏菌生活方式，例如运动和固定生活方式，分别从浮游和附生细胞中提取总 RNA。的转录组学分析S. Virchow 细胞揭示了不同生活方式之间的不同转录谱。在细菌适应鲜切萝卜青菜的过程中，浮游细胞可能转向厌氧代谢，利用硝酸盐作为厌氧呼吸的电子受体，并利用钴胺素作为偶联代谢途径的辅助因子。同时，沙门氏菌粘附在植物表面的细胞在与翻译和核糖体生物发生相关的基因中表现出协调的上调，表明响应环境变化的显着细胞重编程。根据广泛的翻译反应，附生细胞显示出对细菌运动、核苷酸转运蛋白/代谢、细胞包膜生物发生和防御机制很重要的基因转录增加。有趣的是，无论与萝卜青菜接触的生活方式如何，沙门氏菌致病岛 (SPI)-1 和 SPI-2 分别表现出上调和下调，这表明在适应植物环境的过程中沙门氏菌的毒力发生了改变。这项研究提供了对沙门氏菌的分子见解适应植物作为替代环境库。