Abstract One-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted much attention due to its simplicity, high feasibility in scaling up production, abundantly renewable sources, and environmental friendliness. Herein, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Phyllanthus urinaria leaf extracts (OT-ext and P.uri.ext, respectively) were chosen as reacting agents with rich and poor saponins to fabricate two biogenic AgNPs and characterize them. OT-AgNPs were simply and successfully generated by OT-ext. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed the peak centered at 434 nm, which confirmed the presence of AgNPs after an 8-h reaction. FT-IR showed the organic functional groups (OH, C═O, C═C, CH, and COC) capping the surface of OT-AgNPs, which agreed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis exhibiting the composition containing C, O, and Ag. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that OT-AgNPs possess spherical morphology, with a size range of 5–61 nm, and the majority having a small size within that range. In comparison, P.uri.AgNPs formed by P.uri.ext had a size distribution in a similar range, but the P.uri.AgNP diameter shifted toward larger sizes. Further, OT-AgNPs and P.uri.AgNPs showed an effective antifungal ability against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Overall, it was found that the rich saponins in the extracts lead to the formation of smaller AgNPs, but all extract-mediated AgNPs with a size less than 100 nm can act as a fungicide for various applications.

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富含皂苷/贫叶提取物介导的银纳米粒子及其抗真菌能力的评价

摘要 银纳米粒子（AgNPs）的一锅绿色合成因其简单、规模化生产的可行性高、可再生资源丰富和环境友好而备受关注。在本文中，选择罗勒和叶提取物（分别为 OT-ext 和 P.uri.ext）作为与富皂苷和贫皂苷的反应剂，以制备两种生物 AgNPs 并对其进行表征。OT-AgNPs 是由 OT-ext 简单而成功地生成的。紫外-可见光谱显示峰值集中在 434 nm，这证实了 8 小时反应后 AgNPs 的存在。FT-IR 显示有机官能团（OH、C=O、C=C、CH 和 COC）覆盖了 OT-AgNPs 的表面，这与能量色散 X 射线光谱分析一致，显示出含有 C、O 的成分，和银。透射电子显微镜显微照片显示 OT-AgNPs 具有球形形态，尺寸范围为 5-61 nm，并且大多数在该范围内具有小尺寸。相比之下，由 P.uri.ext 形成的 P.uri.AgNPs 具有相似范围内的尺寸分布，但 P.uri.AgNP 直径向更大尺寸移动。此外，OT-AgNPs 和 P.uri.AgNPs 对尖孢镰刀菌、黑曲霉和黄曲霉显示出有效的抗真菌能力。总的来说，发现提取物中丰富的皂苷会导致形成更小的 AgNPs，但所有尺寸小于 100 nm 的提取物介导的 AgNPs 都可以作为各种应用的杀菌剂。相比之下，由 P.uri.ext 形成的 P.uri.AgNPs 具有相似范围内的尺寸分布，但 P.uri.AgNP 直径向更大尺寸移动。此外，OT-AgNPs 和 P.uri.AgNPs 对尖孢镰刀菌、黑曲霉和黄曲霉显示出有效的抗真菌能力。总的来说，发现提取物中丰富的皂苷会导致形成更小的 AgNPs，但所有尺寸小于 100 nm 的提取物介导的 AgNPs 都可以作为各种应用的杀菌剂。相比之下，由 P.uri.ext 形成的 P.uri.AgNPs 具有相似范围内的尺寸分布，但 P.uri.AgNP 直径向更大尺寸移动。此外，OT-AgNPs 和 P.uri.AgNPs 对尖孢镰刀菌、黑曲霉和黄曲霉显示出有效的抗真菌能力。总的来说，发现提取物中丰富的皂苷会导致形成更小的 AgNPs，但所有尺寸小于 100 nm 的提取物介导的 AgNPs 都可以作为各种应用的杀菌剂。