Mitigating evaporative water loss from terrestrial surfaces is of central importance to water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was intended to experimentally address the effect of straw mulch layer on soil evaporation and temperature distribution in the presence of shallow saline groundwater. A factorial-based experiment with a completely randomized design was carried out in mini-lysimeters (MLs) with different concentrations of saline groundwater and soil types, with and without straw mulch. The lysimeters were placed on the soil surface in the field. Water table in MLs was kept at the depth of 60 cm, and evaporation rate, soil moisture content, soil salinity, and temperature were continuously monitored. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in the soil evaporation rates due to the effects of soil types (i.e., loam and sand) and straw mulch (p< 0.01). The results showed that soil temperature fluctuations at the 5 cm depth in loamy soil with and without mulch were 11.5 and 17.5 C, while in sandy soil the fluctuations rates were 15 and 18.5 C, respectively. The application of a mulch layer was found to significantly reduce the evaporative loss by 27 and 8% in loamy and sandy soils, respectively.

中文翻译：

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秸秆覆盖下浅层咸水地下水对蒸发、土壤水分和温度分布的影响

减少陆地表面的蒸发水分流失对于干旱和半干旱地区的水资源管理至关重要。本研究旨在通过实验解决浅层咸水地下水存在下秸秆覆盖层对土壤蒸发和温度分布的影响。在具有不同浓度含盐地下水和土壤类型的微型蒸渗仪 (MLs) 中进行了一项完全随机设计的基于因子的实验，有和没有秸秆覆盖。将蒸渗仪放置在田间土壤表面。MLs 的地下水位保持在 60 厘米的深度，并持续监测蒸发率、土壤水分含量、土壤盐度和温度。方差分析 (ANOVA) 表明，由于土壤类型（即壤土和沙子）和稻草覆盖物（p < 0.01）的影响，土壤蒸发率存在显着差异。结果表明，在有和无覆盖的壤土中，5 cm 深度的土壤温度波动为 11.5 和 17.5 C，而在沙土中，波动率分别为 15 和 18.5 C。研究发现，在壤土和沙质土壤中，覆盖层的应用分别显着减少了 27% 和 8% 的蒸发损失。