Although genetic diversity for aboveground traits has been well characterized in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), little is known about population‐specific variation within this species for root architecture. To assess the diversity of root phenotypes, a total of 196 accessions from a core collection were evaluated in the laboratory and field in Pennsylvania, USA, and Chokwe, Mozambique. Substantial phenotypic variation for 15 root phenes exists among gene pools, races, and genotypes. Principal component analysis revealed that Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools and races have distinct integrated root phenotypes. Unsupervised cluster analyses of root phenes identified five groups with distinct integrated root phenotypes and soil foraging strategies. Although integrated phenotypes associated with adaptation to drought and low P availability were found in both gene pools, phenotypes for drought adaptation were more prevalent among Mesoamerican accessions, whereas phenotypes for adaptation to suboptimal P were more common among Andean accessions. These genotypic differences in root phenotypes reflect contrasting strategies for soil resource acquisition and may possibly have evolved as an adaptation to the edaphic conditions in the environments to which Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools are endemic. This diversity of root architectural strategies for soil exploration can serve as an important resource for breeding programs and hybridization between gene pools may result in the generation of novel root phenotypes with improved soil resource acquisition.

中文翻译：

---

普通豆的根表型多样性揭示了基因库和种族之间土壤资源获取的不同策略

尽管普通豆（菜豆）的地上性状的遗传多样性已得到很好的表征。L.），对该物种内根结构的种群特异性变异知之甚少。为了评估根表型的多样性，在美国宾夕法尼亚州和莫桑比克Chokwe的实验室和田间对来自核心种质的196种种质进行了评估。基因库，种族和基因型之间存在15种根表型的明显表型变异。主成分分析表明，安第斯和中美洲的基因库和种族具有独特的整合根表型。根系无监督聚类分析确定了五组具有独特的综合根系表型和土壤觅食策略。尽管在这两个基因库中均发现了与干旱适应和低磷有效性相关的综合表型，但在中美洲种质中，干旱适应表型更为普遍，而适应次优P的表型在安第斯种质中更为常见。根表型的这些基因型差异反映了土壤资源获取的对立策略，可能已适应安第斯和中美洲基因库为地方性环境中的土壤条件而演变。这种用于土壤探索的根系建筑策略的多样性可以作为育种计划的重要资源，基因库之间的杂交可能会导致产生具有改善的土壤资源的新型根系表型。根表型的这些基因型差异反映了土壤资源获取的对立策略，可能已适应安第斯和中美洲基因库为地方性环境中的土壤条件而演变。这种用于土壤探索的根系建筑策略的多样性可以作为育种计划的重要资源，基因库之间的杂交可能会导致产生具有改善的土壤资源的新型根系表型。根表型的这些基因型差异反映了土壤资源获取的对立策略，可能已适应安第斯和中美洲基因库为地方性环境中的土壤条件而演变。这种用于土壤探索的根系建筑策略的多样性可以作为育种计划的重要资源，基因库之间的杂交可能会导致产生具有改善的土壤资源的新型根系表型。