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Something is not quite right: Effects of two land uses on anuran diversity in subtropical grasslands
Biotropica ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-23 , DOI: 10.1111/btp.12836
Leonardo Felipe Bairos Moreira 1 , Henrique Zanette Castilhos 2 , Santiago Castroviejo‐Fisher 2
Affiliation  

Although habitat modification is considered one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, the relative contribution of different rural land uses to biodiversity conservation is far less known. Additionally, the realization of the multidimensionality of biodiversity demands studies integrating variation of functional traits and phylogenetic information as complements to address the effects of land use on the structure of animal communities. Herein, we investigated the effects of land use (i.e., intensive agricultural and extensive livestock rearing) on functional and phylogenetic diversity of anuran communities in farmland ponds from the Uruguayan savanna ecoregion, while considering the effects of local factors (i.e., water depth) on species composition. We surveyed adults and tadpoles in 22 ponds and quantified five traits related to tadpole feeding, habitat use, and predator avoidance. Tadpole identification was corroborated by DNA barcoding based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. We observed a decline in phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance associated with increase of surrounding agricultural land use. While land use intensification did not affect richness (functional or phylogenetic), ponds in livestock ranches hosted about four times more tadpoles than agricultural ponds. Functional evenness decreased with water depth, although such relationship disappeared when considering phylogenetic non‐independence. Our results indicated that specific anuran clades were more sensitive to intensification in land use, reinforcing a recent view of phylogenetic homogenization following habitat conversion. Additionally, our study suggests that extensive cattle grazing over wide native pastures may provide an alternative more compatible with conservation than short‐term crops in subtropical grasslands.

中文翻译:

事情还不太正确:两种土地利用对亚热带草原无草动物多样性的影响

尽管栖息地的改变被认为是造成生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一,但人们对不同的农村土地用途对生物多样性保护的相对贡献却知之甚少。此外,要实现生物多样性的多维性,就需要进行研究,将功能性状和系统发育信息的变化整合起来,以补充土地利用对动物群落结构的影响。在这里,我们研究了土地利用(即集约化农业和广泛的牲畜饲养)对乌拉圭热带稀树草原生态区农田池塘中无色菌群落功能和系统发育多样性的影响,同时考虑了当地因素(即水深)对环境的影响。物种组成。我们调查了22个池塘中的成年和t,并量化了与feeding喂养,栖息地利用和避免捕食有关的五个特征。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因片段的DNA条形码证实了identification的鉴定。我们观察到与周围农业土地利用增加相关的系统发生平均最近分类单元距离的下降。尽管土地利用集约化不会影响其丰富性(功能性或系统发育性),但牲畜牧场中的池塘host却比农业池塘多四倍。功能均匀度随水深而降低,尽管考虑系统发生非独立性时这种关系消失了。我们的结果表明,特定的无色系对土地集约化更敏感,加强了生境转化后系统发生同质化的最新观点。此外,我们的研究表明,与亚热带草原上的短期作物相比,在较宽阔的天然牧场上放牧的牛群可能提供了与保护更为兼容的替代方案。
更新日期:2020-08-23
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