Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing of the polymer with 0.5–1.0 wt-% hydrophobic surface treated fumed silica and titanium nitride (TiN) nanopowders, fiber-shaped halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets in the presence of trace amount of organic peroxide. Surface treatments of the nanofillers with hydrophobic vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS) were accomplished in boiling toluene solvents and in the case of fumed silica, most feasibly in ethanol solvent. Sliding friction and wear of the nanocomposites were characterized by pin-on-disk (POD) test against polished bearing steel disc. Microstructures of the nanocomposites, and the wear surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microindentation experiments were carried out to measure the surface hardness, elasticity and the plastic and elastic work of indentation. VTMS surface coverage was highest on fumed silica and GO powders, which also correlated with the most homogeneous and fine filler dispersion in HDPE polymer, and showed the best performance of the nanocomposites in the POD test. In all cases, the addition of silane treated nanopowders reduced the sliding wear of the HDPE against polished steel counter surface. Moreover, deviation of the wear rate data between parallel measurements was greatly reduced by the nanofiller addition indicating homogenous structure. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the neat polymer was reduced only in the case of TiN filler. Inverse linear trend was found between the specific wear rate of the nanocomposites and a parameter derived from micro-indentation data (HIT*total work of indentation)−1, which is formally similar to the well-known Ratner-Lancaster correlation.

中文翻译：

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低纳米填料负载的高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 复合材料的摩擦学性能

摘要 高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 纳米复合材料是通过聚合物与 0.5-1.0 重量％疏水表面处理的气相二氧化硅和氮化钛 (TiN) 纳米粉末、纤维状埃洛石纳米管 (HNT) 和氧化石墨烯 (GO) 熔融混合制备的。 ) 微量有机过氧化物存在下的纳米血小板。用疏水性乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷 (VTMS) 对纳米填料进行表面处理是在沸腾的甲苯溶剂中完成的，在气相二氧化硅的情况下，最可行的是在乙醇溶剂中。纳米复合材料的滑动摩擦和磨损通过对抛光轴承钢盘的销盘 (POD) 测试进行表征。纳米复合材料的微观结构和磨损表面通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 进行表征。进行显微压痕实验以测量表面硬度，弹性和压痕的塑性和弹性功。气相二氧化硅和 GO 粉末的 VTMS 表面覆盖率最高，这也与 HDPE 聚合物中最均匀和最细的填料分散相关，并在 POD 测试中显示出纳米复合材料的最佳性能。在所有情况下，硅烷处理的纳米粉末的添加减少了 HDPE 对抛光钢反面的滑动磨损。此外，通过添加纳米填料表明均匀结构，大大减少了平行测量之间磨损率数据的偏差。只有在使用 TiN 填料的情况下，纯聚合物的摩擦系数 (COF) 才会降低。在纳米复合材料的比磨损率和从微压痕数据（HIT*压痕总功）-1得出的参数之间发现了反向线性趋势，