Abstract For the evaluation of the structural response in accidental scenarios like ship collisions, the simulation of tensile failure initiation is inevitable. Here, one difficulty is that the process of failure initiation is a very local process, which cannot be simulated in its details at present due to the computing effort which would be required. However, there are various approaches how the failure initiation can be simplified and simulated in finite element models of large thin-walled structures. A short overview of these approaches is given. A pragmatic approach, which is suitable for relatively small elements for the simulation of failure initiation in uniaxial to biaxial stress states, is chosen within this paper for further investigations regarding the applicability for thin-walled steel structures. Exemplary simulations with solid and, in particular, shell elements are used to demonstrate how the effects of element size and other element properties can be considered in the simulation of failure initiation. The focus is also on imperfections that are relevant in simulations with small elements. For this purpose, an indentation experiment is simulated with different imperfections.

中文翻译：

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使用细网格的延性拉伸破坏引发有限元模拟中元素相关效应的实用正则化

摘要 为了评估船舶碰撞等意外情况下的结构响应，不可避免地需要模拟拉伸破坏的发生。在这里，一个困难是故障发生的过程是一个非常局部的过程，由于需要计算工作量，目前无法对其进行详细模拟。然而，在大型薄壁结构的有限元模型中，有多种方法可以简化和模拟失效起始。给出了这些方法的简短概述。本文选择了一种适用于相对较小的单元来模拟单轴到双轴应力状态下的失效起始的实用方法，以进一步研究薄壁钢结构的适用性。具有实体和的示例性模拟，特别是，壳单元用于演示如何在模拟失效开始时考虑单元尺寸和其他单元属性的影响。重点还在于与小元素模拟相关的缺陷。为此，我们模拟了具有不同缺陷的压痕实验。