There is a growing interest in the development of offshore wind farms to provide a sustainable source of renewable energy and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions. In parallel, there is a need to better understand the effects of these installations on coastal marine ecosystems and identify potential sea use conflicts, especially when the area is subject to access restrictions. This study investigated the effects of a spatial closure during the exploitation phase of an offshore wind farm in the extended Bay of Seine (English Channel, France) using Ecospace, a spatially and temporally explicit module of Ecopath with Ecosim. To address this question, simulations were conducted through the evaluation of “what-if scenarios” to assess the effectiveness of a fishing exclusion zone inside and surrounding the offshore wind farm. Several biomass, catch and trophic level-based indicators were calculated to evaluate how the exclusion zone could affect fishing activities and main components of the food web. All the indicators were estimated in the extended Bay of Seine and summarized by sub-area. Findings suggested that the spillover effect could mitigate the negative impact of access loss on fishing activities, in a scenario of simulated closure of the area of the wind farm. The Ecospace model predicted an increase of catches (up to 7% near the wind farm) and a slight increase in the proportion of high trophic level species. However, the influence of spillover effects is limited in space and the expected increase of biomass and catches are highly localized in areas around the offshore wind farm installations. At the scale of the Bay of Seine, further analysis of the spillover effects revealed a spatial pattern and suggested that the implementation of an exclusion zone inside the offshore wind farm could concentrate highly mobile predators.

中文翻译：

---

用于研究海上风电场渔业关闭的潜在溢出效应的空间食物网模型

人们对开发海上风电场以提供可持续的可再生能源并有助于减少碳排放的兴趣日益浓厚。与此同时，需要更好地了解这些设施对沿海海洋生态系统的影响，并确定潜在的海洋使用冲突，特别是当该地区受到进入限制时。本研究使用 Ecospace（一个带有 Ecosim 的 Ecopath 的时空显式模块）调查了在扩展的塞纳湾（法国英吉利海峡）海上风电场开发阶段空间封闭的影响。为了解决这个问题，通过评估“假设情景”进行模拟，以评估海上风电场内部和周围的捕鱼禁区的有效性。几种生物质，计算了基于捕获量和营养级的指标，以评估禁区如何影响捕鱼活动和食物网的主要组成部分。所有指标均在扩展的塞纳湾进行估算，并按分区汇总。结果表明，在模拟关闭风电场区域的情况下，溢出效应可以减轻进入损失对捕鱼活动的负面影响。生态空间模型预测渔获量增加（风电场附近高达 7%）和高营养级物种的比例略有增加。然而，溢出效应的影响在空间上是有限的，并且生物量和渔获量的预期增加高度集中在海上风电场装置周围的区域。在塞纳湾的规模上，