Abstract This paper describes a controller hardware-in-the loop (C-HIL) approach for testing centralized and distributed secondary frequency control schemes of AC microgrids operating in islanded mode. We describe the formulation of the secondary frequency control problem and the theory behind the centralized and distributed implementations of the control schemes. Then, we describe the testbed utilized for C-HIL testing activities. Finally, we provide the testing results that compare the performance (in terms of the system response time), and resilience (in terms of withstanding the failure of a control device), of both schemes.

中文翻译：

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微电网二次频率控制方案的控制器硬件在环测试

摘要 本文描述了一种控制器硬件在环 (C-HIL) 方法，用于测试在孤岛模式下运行的交流微电网的集中式和分布式二次频率控制方案。我们描述了二次频率控制问题的公式以及控制方案的集中和分布式实现背后的理论。然后，我们描述了用于 C-HIL 测试活动的测试平台。最后，我们提供了比较两种方案的性能（在系统响应时间方面）和弹性（在承受控制设备故障方面）的测试结果。