Limestone or calcareous outcrops are geological formations that support tropical forests regarded as relict communities with many endemic species. However, these environments are constantly threatened by mining of calcareous rock. The genus Heterocypsela H.Rob. (Compositae, Vernonieae: Dipterocypselinae) has been long-known from only one species which is endemic to Brazilian limestone outcrops in the State of Minas Gerais. During field work on limestone outcrops of northern Minas Gerais, a second species of Heterocypsela was discovered. This species is described in the genus Heterocypsela since it has relatively long-pedunculate heads, dimorphic cypselae with only cubic crystals, glandular apical anther appendages and echinolophate type “C” pollen. Further investigation in herbarium specimen databases (Specieslink and Herbario Virtual Reflora) revealed other specimens of a new species, Heterocypsela brachylepis J.N.Nakaj. & D.Marques, expanding its geographic distribution to southwestern Bahia and southeastern Tocantins States in Brazil, in the same habitat. Heterocypsela brachylepis is described and illustrated. Despite its wide geographic distribution, this species should be considered Critically Endangered (CR), criterion D according to the IUCN guidelines, due to its restricted occurrence and few individuals.

中文翻译：

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Brachylepis杂菌（菊科：Vernonieae：Dipterocypselinae），一种来自巴西干旱森林的新物种

石灰岩或钙质露头是支持热带森林的地质构造，热带森林被认为是许多特有物种的遗迹群落。但是，这些环境一直受到钙质岩石开采的威胁。Heterocypsela H.Rob属。（Compositae，Vernonieae：Dipterocypselinae）在米纳斯吉莱斯州仅是巴西石灰石露头特有的一种物种，早就广为人知。在对米纳斯吉拉斯州北部的石灰岩露头进行野外工作期间，发现了第二种杂藻藻。该物种在杂藻属中有描述由于它的头状花序相对较长，因此仅具有立方晶体，腺体顶状花药附属物和棘突性“ C”型花粉的双态cypselae。对植物标本室标本数据库（Specieslink和Herbario Virtual Reflora）的进一步调查显示了新物种Heterocypsela brachylepis JNNakaj的其他标本。＆D.Marques，将其地理分布扩展到同一栖息地的巴伊亚州西南部和巴西Tocantins州东南部。描述和说明了异源短螺旋体。尽管其地理分布广泛，但由于其受限制的发生和很少的个体，应根据IUCN准则将其视为极度濒危（CR）的标准D。