Agonistic encounters of juvenile male crickets were analyzed behaviourally. In a pairing between adult and juvenile male crickets, the juvenile crickets were usually beaten by the adult males of over 3 days after their final moult. Juveniles, by contrast, won significantly more bouts against young adult males 2 days after their final moult. These findings are good indicators to predict which cricket will defeat which opponent. To examine the effect of previous social experience, two juvenile animals were paired first and then juveniles that became subordinate were paired with day 2 adults, while juveniles that became dominant were paired with day 3 adults 5 min after first pairing. Subordinate juveniles were beaten by day 2 adults, while dominant juveniles tended to win against day 3 adults. This is the first time that winner and loser effects have been demonstrated in juvenile crickets. Similar pairings with day 2 or day 3 adult males were performed 2 h after first pairings. Subordinate juveniles were still beaten by day 2 adults, while the winning rate of dominant juveniles against day 3 adults was decreased significantly. These results suggest that the retention time of loser effect lasted more than 2 h while that of the winner effect disappeared within a shorter period.

中文翻译：

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少年板球 Gryllus bimaculatus 的赢家和输家效应

从行为上分析了幼年雄蟋蟀的激动遭遇。在成年和幼年雄蟋蟀配对中，幼蟋蟀通常在最后一次换羽后 3 天以上被成年雄蟋蟀殴打。相比之下，在最后一次换羽后 2 天，幼鱼与年轻成年雄鱼的较量明显更多。这些发现是预测哪个板球将击败哪个对手的好指标。为了检查先前社会经验的影响，首先将两只幼年动物配对，然后将成为从属的幼鱼与第 2 天的成年动物配对，而在第一次配对后 5 分钟，将成为优势的幼年动物与第 3 天的成年动物配对。从属的幼鱼被第 2 天的成鱼打败，而优势的幼鱼往往会战胜第 3 天的成鱼。这是第一次在青少年蟋蟀中证明赢家和输家的影响。第 2 天或第 3 天的成年雄性在第一次配对后 2 小时进行了类似的配对。下级幼鱼仍被第2天成虫打败，而优势幼虫对第3天成虫的胜率明显下降。这些结果表明，失败者效应的保留时间持续了 2 小时以上，而胜利者效应的保留时间则在较短的时间内消失。