Background:Among older adults, poorer cognitive functioning has been associated with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, IADL impairments among older Hispanics/Latinos is poorly understood. Objective:To characterize the relationships between cognition and risk for IADL impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Methods:Participants included 6,292 community-dwelling adults from the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of 45+ year-olds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Cognitive data (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and a Global cognitive composite) were collected at Visit 1. IADL functioning was self-reported 7 years later, and treated as a categorical (i.e., risk) and continuous (i.e., degree) measures of impairment. Survey two-part models (mixture of logit and generalized linear model with Gaussian distribution) and ordered logistic regression tested the associations of cognitive performance (individual tests and composite z-score) with IADL impairment. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background on the association between cognition and IADL impairment. Results:Across all cognitive measures, poorer performance was associated with higher odds of IADL impairment 7 years later. Associations were generally stronger for the oldest group (70+ years) relative to the youngest group (50–59 years). Sex and Hispanic/Latino background did not modify the associations. Across the full sample, lower scores on learning, memory, and the Global cognitive composite were also associated with higher degree of IADL impairment. Conclusion:Across diverse Hispanics/Latinos, cognitive health is an important predictor of everyday functioning 7 years later, especially in older adulthood.

中文翻译：

---

认知和日常功能：西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究 (SOL) 和拉丁裔神经认知老化研究 (SOL-INCA) 的结果。

背景：在老年人中，认知功能较差与工具性日常生活活动（IADL）受损有关。然而，人们对老年西班牙裔/拉美裔人的 IADL 损伤知之甚少。目的：描述不同西班牙裔/拉丁裔的认知与 IADL 损伤风险之间的关系。方法：参与者包括拉丁裔研究 - 神经认知老化调查中的 6,292 名社区居住成年人，该研究是西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究中 45 岁以上人群的辅助研究。认知数据（学习、记忆、执行功能、处理速度和整体认知综合）在第 1 次访问时收集。7 年后自我报告 IADL 功能，并将其视为分类（即风险）和连续（即程度）的损害措施。调查两部分模型（logit 和高斯分布广义线性模型的混合）和有序逻辑回归测试了认知表现（单独测试和综合 z 分数）与 IADL 损伤的关联。此外，我们还研究了年龄、性别和西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景对认知与 IADL 障碍之间关系的调节作用。结果：在所有认知测量中，表现较差与 7 年后 IADL 损伤的几率较高相关。相对于最年轻的群体（50-59 岁），最年长的群体（70 岁以上）的关联通常更强。性别和西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景并没有改变这种关联。在整个样本中，学习、记忆和整体认知综合得分较低也与 IADL 损伤程度较高相关。结论：在不同的西班牙裔/拉丁裔中，认知健康是 7 年后日常功能的重要预测因素，尤其是在老年时期。