Soil degradation is an important problem on a global scale. Suitable materials for its solution are interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) of biodegradable polymers. IPEC based on the oppositely charged pairs of biodegradable polymers—chitosan and sodium alginate (Ch‐SA), chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Ch‐SC), and chitosan‐gellan gum (Ch‐GG) were prepared and studied using different physicochemical techniques (FTIR‐spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, conductometric and turbidimetric titration, and rheoviscometric measurements). Thin films of IPECs were prepared by pouring polymer solutions on a flat surface and subsequent evaporation of water. These films were tested using mechanical analysis. Young modulus of IPEC films increases in the following order: Ch‐SC < Ch‐GG < Ch‐SA. Urban soil samples were sequentially treated with Ch solution and negatively charged polymer solution (SC, SA, GG). This technique of soil treatment leads to formation of IPEC within the soil surface layer. The soil structures and also soil treated with pure water and individual polymer solutions were also tested using mechanical analysis. It was found that the most durable structures are formed by IPEC based on Ch and SC. All the applied systems can be arranged in the following sequence in ascending order of the Young's modulus: GG < Ch < SA < Water < SC < Ch‐GG < Ch‐SA < Сh‐SC. The IPEC based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers of polysaccharide nature can be successfully used for soil structuring. These polymers significantly increase the mechanical strength of the soil without harmful effects to the environment. Among the studied systems, the Ch‐SC system has the greatest structuring ability. These soil structuring agents can be applied for improving of the quality of urban and agricultural soils.

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使用水溶性多糖的聚电解质复合物进行土壤结构化

在全球范围内，土壤退化是一个重要问题。用于其溶液的合适材料是可生物降解的聚合物的聚电解质复合物（IPEC）。基于相反电荷对的可降解聚合物-壳聚糖和海藻酸钠（Ch‐SA），壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠（Ch‐SC）和壳聚糖–吉兰糖胶（Ch‐GG）制备IPEC，并使用不同的理化技术进行了研究（ FTIR光谱，动态光散射，电导和比浊滴定以及流变粘度测量）。通过将聚合物溶液倒在平坦的表面上并随后蒸发水来制备IPEC薄膜。使用机械分析测试了这些膜。IPEC薄膜的杨氏模量按以下顺序增加：Ch‐SC <Ch‐GG <Ch‐SA。依次用Ch溶液和带负电荷的聚合物溶液（SC，SA，GG）处理城市土壤样品。这种土壤处理技术导致在土壤表层形成IPEC。还使用机械分析测试了土壤结构以及用纯水和单独的聚合物溶液处理过的土壤。发现最耐用的结构是由IPEC基于Ch和SC形成的。所有应用的系统都可以按照杨氏模量的升序按以下顺序排列：GG <Ch <SA <水<SC <Ch-GG <Ch-SA <Сh-SC。基于多糖性质的可生物降解和生物相容性聚合物的IPEC可成功用于土壤结构化。这些聚合物可显着提高土壤的机械强度，而不会对环境造成有害影响。在研究的系统中，Ch-SC系统具有最大的结构化能力。这些土壤结构剂可用于改善城市和农业土壤的质量。