Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors, including diabetes. Diabetes is associated with either an insulin deficiency in its juvenile form or with insulin resistance and obesity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the latter is clustered with other comorbidities to define the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are complex pathologies and are associated with cardiovascular risk via vascular inflammation and other mechanisms. Several transcription factors are activated upon diabetes-driven endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of atherosclerosis. In particular, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor family is a master regulator of endothelial biology and is raising interest in the field of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will present an overview of studies contributing to the understanding of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, integrating the role of HIF in this disease with the knowledge of its functions in metabolic syndrome and diabetic scenario.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病动脉粥样硬化：缺氧诱导因素是否起作用？


动脉粥样硬化是全世界死亡的主要原因，由多种危险因素（包括糖尿病）驱动。糖尿病与青少年形式的胰岛素缺乏有关，或者与 2 型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗和肥胖有关，后者与其他合并症一起定义为代谢综合征。糖尿病和代谢综合征是复杂的病理学，并且通过血管炎症和其他机制与心血管风险相关。一些转录因子在糖尿病引起的内皮功能障碍时被激活，并推动动脉粥样硬化的进展。特别是，缺氧诱导因子（HIF）转录因子家族是内皮生物学的主要调节因子，并引起了人们对动脉粥样硬化领域的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们将概述有助于理解糖尿病引起的动脉粥样硬化的研究，将 HIF 在这种疾病中的作用与其在代谢综合征和糖尿病情况下的功能知识相结合。