As an efficient stirring method, bottom-blowing technology was applied in the present electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process to improve the dynamic conditions of the molten steel. This article describes the development of a numerical model to simulate the 3D multiphase flows (gas, steel, and slag). Comparisons among uniform and non-uniform (linear and triangle distributions) bottom-blowing gas rate arrangements were performed with both metallurgic and dynamic parameters obtained from the numerical simulation process and separated liquid steel analysis. The numerical simulation results indicated that the bottom-blowing scheme with the gas rate in a linear change distribution had the best stirring effects in the molten bath. In addition, the dynamic conditions in the molten bath were worse when the bottom-blowing gas rate change was focused on the nozzle near the eccentric bottom tapping area. Furthermore, water model and industrial experiments were performed. For this purpose, 120 sets of heat industry data were collected in the 100 t EAF steelmaking process. The results showed that the non-uniform bottom-blowing scheme is more able to improve the dynamic conditions of the molten bath compared with the conventional uniform gas rate distribution, which further validated the reliability of the present numerical simulation results.

作为一种有效的搅拌方法，在当前的电弧炉（EAF）炼钢工艺中采用了底吹技术，以改善钢水的动态条件。本文介绍了用于模拟3D多相流（气体，钢和炉渣）的数值模型的开发。使用从数值模拟过程和分离钢液分析获得的冶金参数和动态参数，对均匀和不均匀（线性和三角形分布）底吹气速率布置进行了比较。数值模拟结果表明，气体速率呈线性变化分布的底吹方案在熔池中搅拌效果最好。此外，当底部吹气速率的变化集中在偏心底部出渣口附近的喷嘴上时，熔池中的动态条件更差。此外，进行了水模型和工业实验。为此，在100吨电弧炉炼钢过程中收集了120套热工业数据。结果表明，与常规的均匀气体速率分布相比，非均匀的底吹方案能够更好地改善熔池的动态条件，从而进一步验证了本数值模拟结果的可靠性。