Silica-reinforced S-SBR/BR tire tread compounds often show characteristic vulcanization profiles that do not exhibit a distinct maximum in the cure curve nor a plateau profile within acceptable time scales (marching modulus). In such a situation, it is difficult to determine the optimum curing time, and as a consequence, the physical properties of the rubber compounds may vary. Previous studies stated that the curing behavior of silica-filled rubber compounds is related to the degree of filler dispersion, the silanization, and the filler–polymer coupling reaction, as well as to the donation of free sulfur from the silane coupling agent. Such results imply that these are the key factors for minimization of the marching modulus. In the present work, various silane coupling agents with different sulfur ranks and functionalities were mixed at varied silanization temperatures. The correlation between these factors and their effect on the marching modulus intensity (MMI) were investigated. The MMI was monitored by measuring the vulcanization rheograms using a rubber process analyzer at small (approximately 7%) and large (approximately 42%) strains to discriminate the effects of filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions on the marching modulus of the silica-filled rubber compounds. Both factors have an intricate influence on the marching modulus, determined by the degree of filler–filler interaction and the coupling agent.

中文翻译：

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二氧化硅填充轮胎胎面胶的前进模量的起源

二氧化硅增强的 S-SBR/BR 轮胎胎面胶通常表现出特征硫化曲线，在可接受的时间尺度（行进模量）内，硫化曲线没有明显的最大值，也没有平台曲线。在这种情况下，很难确定最佳固化时间，因此橡胶混合物的物理性能可能会发生变化。先前的研究表明，白炭黑填充橡胶化合物的硫化行为与填料分散程度、硅烷化程度、填料-聚合物偶联反应以及硅烷偶联剂中游离硫的提供有关。这样的结果意味着这些是最小化行进模量的关键因素。在目前的工作中，在不同的硅烷化温度下混合具有不同硫等级和官能度的各种硅烷偶联剂。研究了这些因素之间的相关性及其对行进模量强度 (MMI) 的影响。MMI 是通过使用橡胶加工分析仪在小（约 7%）和大（约 42%）应变下测量硫化流变图来监测的，以区分填料-填料和填料-聚合物相互作用对二氧化硅行进模量的影响-填充橡胶化合物。这两个因素对行进模量都有复杂的影响，由填料-填料相互作用的程度和偶联剂决定。MMI 是通过使用橡胶加工分析仪在小（约 7%）和大（约 42%）应变下测量硫化流变图来监测的，以区分填料-填料和填料-聚合物相互作用对硅胶行进模量的影响-填充橡胶化合物。这两个因素对行进模量都有复杂的影响，由填料-填料相互作用的程度和偶联剂决定。MMI 是通过使用橡胶加工分析仪在小（约 7%）和大（约 42%）应变下测量硫化流变图来监测的，以区分填料-填料和填料-聚合物相互作用对硅胶行进模量的影响-填充橡胶化合物。这两个因素对行进模量都有复杂的影响，由填料-填料相互作用的程度和偶联剂决定。