Abstract

The preparation of hierarchical zeolites with reduced diffusion limitation and enhanced catalyst efficiency has become a vital focus in the field of zeolites and porous materials chemistry within the past decades. This review will focus on the diffusion and catalyst efficiency of hierarchical zeolites and industrial catalysts. The benefits of diffusion and catalyst efficiency at two levels of hierarchies (zeolitic component level and industrial catalyst level) from a chemical reaction engineering point of view will be analysed. At zeolitic component level, three types of mesopores based on the strategies applied toward enhancing the catalyst effectiveness factor are presented: (i) ‘functional mesopores’ (raising effective diffusivity); (ii) ‘auxiliary mesopores’ (decreasing diffusion length); and (iii) ‘integrated mesopores’ (a combination thereof). At industrial catalyst level, location and interconnectivity among the constitutive components are revealed. The hierarchical pore interconnectivity in multi-component zeolite based industrial catalysts is exemplified by fluid catalytic cracking and bi-functional hydroisomerization catalysts. The rational design of industrial zeolite catalysts at both hierarchical zeolitic component and catalyst body levels can be fully comprehended using the advanced in situ and/or operando spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction techniques.

中文翻译：

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分级沸石催化剂中的扩散和催化剂效率

 抽象的

过去几十年来，制备具有降低扩散限制和提高催化剂效率的分级沸石已成为沸石和多孔材料化学领域的一个重要焦点。本综述将重点关注分级沸石和工业催化剂的扩散和催化剂效率。将从化学反应工程的角度分析两个层次（沸石组分水平和工业催化剂水平）的扩散和催化剂效率的好处。在沸石组分水平上，提出了基于用于提高催化剂效率因子的策略的三种类型的中孔：（i）“功能性中孔”（提高有效扩散率）； (ii)“辅助中孔”（减少扩散长度）； (iii)“集成中孔”（其组合）。在工业催化剂层面，揭示了组成成分之间的位置和互连性。多组分沸石基工业催化剂中的分级孔互连性以流化床催化裂化和双功能加氢异构化催化剂为例。使用先进的原位和/或操作光谱、显微和衍射技术可以充分理解工业沸石催化剂在分级沸石组分和催化剂本体水平上的合理设计。