A biogeographical study of the genus group Scotussae, a clade of grasshoppers endemic to the subtropical temperate region of the La Plata Basin, South America, was performed within a phylogenetic context to test whether wing reduction reflects evolutionary and ecological processes within the clade. We used an integrative biogeographical approach to determine the role of geohistorical events, geography, ecology and phylogenetic niche conservatism on the distribution and diversification processes of the group. We performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis and tested the phylogenetic signal of ecological niche traits (niche optimum and niche breadth). We also assessed the degree to which phylogenetic distance is correlated with geographical and ecological niche traits and we used BioGeoBEARS to estimate ancestral ranges. The results provided evidence for phylogenetic niche conservatism as well as a significant association between phylogeny and both geographical and, more strongly, ecological traits. Two main clades were clearly associated with wing development, and evidence points to the evolutionary and ecological processes within these two groups being different. The Brachypterous clade shows evidence that allopatric speciation was the main source of diversification, while for the Macropterous clade sympatric speciation seems more likely.

中文翻译：

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Scotussae（Acrididae：Melanoplinae）属的生物地理模式和过程：综合方法

在系统发育的背景下，对南美洲拉普拉塔盆地的亚热带温带地区特有的蚱cl科Scotussae进行了生物地理学研究，以测试机翼的缩小是否反映了进化支和进化过程。我们使用综合的生物地理方法来确定地理历史事件，地理，生态学和系统发育生态位保守性在该群体的分布和多样化过程中的作用。我们进行了全面的证据系统发育分析，并测试了生态位特征（最佳生态位和生态位宽度）的系统发育信号。我们还评估了系统发育距离与地理和生态位生态特征相关的程度，并使用BioGeoBEARS来估计祖先范围。结果提供了系统发育生态位保守性的证据，以及系统发育与地理和生态学特征之间的显着关联。两个主要进化枝显然与机翼的发育有关，证据表明这两个组的进化和生态过程是不同的。腕足进化支有证据表明，异源物种形成是多样性的主要来源，而对于巨齿进化枝，同伴物种形成的可能性更大。