In a recent and very timely contribution, Dundas et al. (2020) highlight the importance of extending the values and proposed strategies of the Green New Deal (GND) proposed in the U.S. Congress (https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text) to the oceans. Dundas et al. (2020) convincingly argue that investing in infrastructure, renewable energy, food security, and habitat restoration is essential for ocean spaces (which are inextricably linked to terrestrial systems) experiencing rapid climate change. Ocean development is furthermore at a crossroads, with emerging visions of economic expansion that must integrate environmental sustainability and social equity concerns (Cisneros‐Montemayor, Moreno‐Báez, et al., 2019).

We agree that investments proposed under the GND are needed to enable future sustainable and equitable development by acknowledging climate change, anticipating future challenges, and proactively transforming the U.S. economy (Dundas et al., 2020). However, one important theme of the GND that received little emphasis in Dundas et al. (2020) is that of justice and equity in the oceans. The GND is specifically intended to promote social justice and to address historical and continuing inequities experienced by “frontline and vulnerable communities” while mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. The vast majority of ocean users around the world indeed form part of such communities, including artisanal fisherfolk who constitute 90% of employment in ocean sectors (Cisneros‐Montemayor, Moreno‐Báez, et al., 2019), and the 27 million coastal Indigenous peoples across the world's coastlines and seas (Cisneros‐Montemayor, Pauly, Weatherdon, & Ota, 2016). Thus, capitalizing on investment in a way that realizes the vision of the GND requires us to consider and stress the importance of “ocean equity” during discussions on necessary industrial transitions.

The principles of the GND are globally relevant and highly pertinent for addressing equity and justice in oceans. The world's oceans are affected by complex economic and cultural connections; governing them sustainably requires careful policy and planning. Solutions must recognize complex political dynamics and focus on the needs and preferences of the less powerful, rather than relying on processes that allow the powerful to claim progress while shifting costs to those with less opportunity to meaningfully object. In the United States and beyond, national and multilateral ocean governance can make a difference by applying the guidelines of the GND and prioritizing the livelihoods, experiences, and voices of frontline ocean communities. This entails addressing historical and current inequities both between and within nations and sectors (Bennett, Blythe, Cisneros‐Montemayor, Singh, & Sumaila, 2019), recognizing diversity in human and natural ocean systems (Cisneros‐Montemayor, Cheung & Ota, 2019), and reconciling multiple development goals (Singh et al., 2018). Mitigating and adapting to climate change requires deep transformations of our industrial and economic systems, but directly addressing issues of social justice and equity is key for advancing sustainability and well‐being in coastal communities and beyond.

Dundas等人在最近且非常及时的贡献中指出。（2020）强调了扩大美国国会提出的绿色新政（GND）的价值和拟议战略的重要性（https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text ）到海洋。Dundas等。（2020年）令人信服地指出，对基础设施，可再生能源，粮食安全和栖息地恢复进行投资对于经历快速气候变化的海洋空间（与陆地系统密不可分的联系）至关重要。海洋发展还处于十字路口，新兴的经济扩张愿景必须将环境可持续性和社会公平问题结合起来（Cisneros-Montemayor，Moreno-Báez等，2019）。

我们同意，需要在GND下提议的投资通过承认气候变化，预见未来挑战并积极改变美国经济来实现未来的可持续和公平发展（Dundas等，2020）。但是，Dundas等人很少强调GND的一个重要主题。（2020年）是指海洋中的正义与公平。GND特别旨在促进社会正义，并解决“前线和脆弱社区”所经历的历史和持续的不平等现象，同时减轻和适应气候变化的影响。实际上，全世界绝大多数的海洋使用者都构成了这些社区的一部分，其中包括手工鱼民，他们占海洋部门就业的90％（Cisneros-Montemayor，Moreno-Báez等，2019年）以及2700万沿海土著全世界海岸线和海洋中的人民（西斯内罗斯·蒙泰马约尔，保利，韦瑟登和大田区，2016年）。因此，以实现GND愿景的方式利用投资需要我们在讨论必要的产业转型时考虑并强调“海洋股权”的重要性。

GND的原则在全球具有重要意义，并且与解决海洋中的公平与正义息息相关。世界海洋受到复杂的经济和文化联系的影响；可持续地管理它们需要仔细的政策和计划。解决方案必须认识到复杂的政治动态，并专注于实力较弱的人的需求和偏好，而不是依靠能够让实力强大的人主张进展，同时将成本转移给机会较少的人来有意义地反对的过程。在美国及其他地区，国家和多边海洋治理可以通过应用GND指南并优先考虑一线海洋社区的生计，经验和声音来发挥作用。2019年），认识到人类和自然海洋系统的多样性（Cisneros-Montemayor，Cheung＆Ota，2019年），协调多个发展目标（Singh等人，2018年）。缓解和适应气候变化要求我们的工业和经济体系进行深刻变革，但直接解决社会正义和公平问题对于促进沿海社区及其他地区的可持续发展和福祉至关重要。