Theory predicts that species requiring multiple habitat types simultaneously should have heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures, yet tests of this prediction are especially rare. We tested whether breeding site occupancy of the threatened marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) was driven by the synergistic effects of nesting habitat loss in forests, and changing ocean conditions. We paired 70,700 murrelet surveys at 19,837 sites across 20 years from the Oregon Coast Range with annual data on the extent of old forest and biophysical ocean conditions. Dynamic occupancy models indicated that local murrelet colonization rates were strongly reduced during warm ocean conditions with low prey availability. Landscapes that contained more old forest and were closer to the ocean showed reduced rates of local extinction. Given predictions of accelerated ocean warming and increased global timber demand, our results suggest murrelets may continue to be imperiled by deterioration of the two habitats upon which they depend.

中文翻译：

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受栖息地分裂的挤压：温暖的海洋条件和旧森林的流失相互影响，以减少受威胁海鸟的长期居住

理论预测，同时需要多种栖息地类型的物种应对人为压力具有更高的敏感性，但是对这种预测的测试特别少见。我们测试了受威胁的大理石murrelet（Brachyramphus marmoratus）是由森林中筑巢栖息地丧失和海洋条件变化的协同效应所驱动。我们将俄勒冈海岸山脉20年来19,837个地点的70,700个murrelet调查与关于旧森林和生物物理海洋状况的年度数据进行了配对。动态居住模型表明，在温暖的海洋条件下，猎物可利用性较低，当地的紫罗兰定居率大大降低。包含更多古老森林，更靠近海洋的景观表明当地物种的灭绝速度有所降低。根据对海洋变暖加速和全球木材需求增加的预测，我们的研究结果表明，由于它们所依赖的两个栖息地的恶化，可能会继续拖累鱼雷。