Perinatal stroke ranks second only to that of adult stroke in the overall stroke incidence. It is a major contributor to long-term neurological morbidity, which includes cognitive dysfunction, cerebral palsy and seizures. Risk factors for stroke in the perinatal period differ from those in children and tend to be multifactorial. Differences in territorial predilection, response to injury, and stroke evolution exist when compared with childhood and adult stroke, and also among differing gestation age groups in the perinatal period (i.e., extreme preterm versus preterm versus term). The role of imaging is to diagnose stroke, exclude stroke mimics, establish the nature of stroke (arterial versus venous), and aid in prognostication. Magnetic resonance imaging is the mainstay of neuroimaging in perinatal stroke. Advanced imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging are emerging as useful supplements to conventional imaging sequences. Here we describe the neuroimaging of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke with emphasis on imaging techniques, imaging phenotypes, stroke evolution, role of advanced imaging, and differences between stroke in preterm and term neonates. We also briefly describe the emerging role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of in utero stroke.

围产期卒中的总发病率仅次于成人卒中。它是导致长期神经系统疾病的主要因素，包括认知功能障碍、脑瘫和癫痫发作。围产期卒中的危险因素与儿童不同，而且往往是多因素的。与儿童和成人中风相比，在领土偏好、对伤害的反应和中风演变方面存在差异，并且在围产期的不同孕龄组（即，极端早产与早产与足月）之间也存在差异。影像学的作用是诊断中风、排除中风模拟物、确定中风的性质（动脉还是静脉），并有助于预测。磁共振成像是围产期卒中神经影像学的主要手段。先进的成像技术，如扩散张量成像和灌注加权成像，正在成为传统成像序列的有用补充。在这里，我们描述了围产期动脉缺血性卒中的神经影像学，重点是成像技术、成像表型、卒中演变、先进成像的作用以及早产儿和足月新生儿卒中之间的差异。我们还简要描述了胎儿磁共振成像在诊断中的新作用子宫中风。