Decreased social functioning and high levels of loneliness and social isolation are common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), contributing to reduced quality of life. One key contributor to social impairment is low social motivation, which may stem from aberrant neural processing of socially rewarding or punishing stimuli. To summarize research on the neurobiology of social motivation in SSD, we performed a systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies involving the presentation of social stimuli intended to elicit feelings of reward and/or punishment. Across 11 studies meeting criteria, people with SSD demonstrated weaker modulation of brain activity in regions within a proposed social interaction network, including prefrontal, cingulate, and striatal regions, as well as the amygdala and insula. Firm conclusions regarding neural differences in SSD in these regions, as well as connections within networks, are limited due to conceptual and methodological inconsistencies across the available studies. We conclude by making recommendations for the study of social reward and punishment processing in SSD in future research.

精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）中常见的是社交功能下降，孤独感和社交隔离度高，这导致生活质量下降。社会障碍的一个重要原因是社会动机低下，这可能源于对社会奖励或惩罚刺激的异常神经处理。为了总结关于SSD中社会动机的神经生物学的研究，我们对神经影像学研究进行了系统的文献综述，涉及涉及旨在激发奖励和/或惩罚感觉的社会刺激的呈现。在符合标准的11项研究中，患有SSD的人在拟议的社交网络中的区域显示了大脑活动的调节较弱，包括前额叶，扣带和纹状体区域，以及杏仁核和岛状。由于这些可用研究的概念和方法上的不一致，有关这些区域SSD的神经差异以及网络内部连接的确切结论受到限制。最后，我们提出了一些建议，以便在未来的研究中研究SSD中的社会奖惩处理。