Heavy metal ion pollution is characterized by high toxicity, difficult degradation, and strong bioconcentration. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in natural biomass are widely used, because of their porous structure and rich active sites for absorbing heavy metal ions. This paper reviews the state of research on cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and their composite materials in the treatment of heavy metal pollution, and describes their heavy metal ion adsorption mechanisms and performance. Moreover, by combining adsorption mechanism and adsorbent morphology (granulate, membrane, or gel), it proposes the directions for adsorption function improvement and structural design of novel biomass agents based on new ideas for improving adsorption properties of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and their composite materials.

重金属离子污染的特点是毒性高，降解难，生物浓集。天然生物质中的纤维素，半纤维素和木质素由于其多孔结构和丰富的吸收重金属离子的活性部位而被广泛使用。本文综述了纤维素，半纤维素，木质素及其复合材料在重金属污染治理中的研究现状，并描述了它们对重金属离子的吸附机理和性能。此外，通过结合吸附机理和吸附剂形态（颗粒状，膜状或凝胶状），基于改进纤维素，半纤维素，木质素及其吸附特性的新思想，提出了新型生物质剂的吸附功能改善和结构设计的方向。复合材料。