Technical progress is disrupting the mobility sector. New door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators promise to offer smart mobility by packaging together different mobility services such as car-sharing and public transport. However, mobility providers up to now have rarely entered into value co-creation relationships. As a result, citizens are offered mobility that cannot be considered truly smart. Although value co-creation has been the subject of numerous studies taking the service-dominant logic perspective, this research has often lacked empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conceptualize value co-creation between mobility providers and a D2D mobility integrator by applying Activity Theory. Based on a qualitative study in the German mobility sector, we identify several inhibitors of value co-creation from the viewpoint of mobility providers. In addition, we show how these inhibitors serve as triggers for adaptations, ultimately leading to the formation of a value co-creation relationship.

技术进步正在扰乱交通部门。新的门到门（D2D）移动集成商承诺通过将不同的移动服务（如汽车共享和公共交通）打包在一起来提供智能移动。但是，到目前为止，移动服务提供商很少建立价值共创关系。结果，为公民提供了无法被视为真正明智的出行方式。尽管价值共创已成为以服务为主导的逻辑观点的众多研究的主题，但该研究通常缺乏经验证据。为了弥补这一差距，我们通过应用活动理论来概念化移动服务提供商与D2D移动集成商之间的价值共创。根据德国出行领域的定性研究，我们从出行提供者的角度确定了几种价值共创的阻碍因素。