A large amount of heat is needed to maintain the thermal comfort of both indoor and outdoor swimming pools in cold seasons. This motivates the development of various heating technologies aiming to reduce energy use, as well as operating and investment costs. Although their development can be traced back to the 1960s, a comprehensive review of these technologies is lacking. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of heating technologies for swimming pools. This review firstly introduces available heat transfer models that can be used to calculate or predict heat loss and heat gain for swimming pools. Then, different passive and active technologies are summarized. The active heating technologies used for indoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, waste heat recovery, geothermal energy, and congregation technologies. The active heating technologies used for outdoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, PCM storage, geothermal energy, biomass heater, and waste heat recovery technologies. A discussion is presented on the practical and possible heating techniques for swimming pool applications. Finally, through the reviewed literature, future research opportunities are identified, to guide researchers to investigate swimming pool heating systems with suitable and relevant technologies.

在寒冷季节，需要大量的热量来维持室内和室外游泳池的热舒适性。这刺激了旨在减少能源使用以及运营和投资成本的各种加热技术的发展。尽管它们的发展可以追溯到1960年代，但仍缺乏对这些技术的全面评估。因此，本文对游泳池采暖技术的发展进行了全面回顾。本文首先介绍了可用的传热模型，该模型可用于计算或预测游泳池的热量损失和热量吸收。然后，总结了不同的被动和主动技术。用于室内游泳池的主动加热技术包括太阳能收集器，热泵，余热回收，地热能，和会众技术。用于室外游泳池的主动加热技术包括太阳能收集器，热泵，PCM存储器，地热能，生物质加热器和废热回收技术。讨论了有关游泳池应用的实用和可能的加热技术。最后，通过审阅的文献，确定了未来的研究机会，以指导研究人员研究采用合适且相关技术的游泳池供暖系统。