In this review, we discuss recent developments in both the theory and the experimental searches of magnetic monopoles in past, current and future colliders and in the Cosmos. The theoretical models include, apart from the standard Grand Unified Theories, extensions of the Standard Model that admit magnetic monopole solutions with finite energy and masses that can be as light as a few TeV. Specifically, we discuss, among other scenarios, modified Cho–Maison monopoles and magnetic monopoles in (string-inspired, higher derivative) Born–Infeld extensions of the hypercharge sector of the Standard Model. We also outline the conditions for which effective field theories describing the interaction of monopoles with photons are valid and can be used for result interpretation in monopole production at colliders. The experimental part of the review focuses on, past and present, cosmic and collider searches, including the latest bounds on monopole masses and magnetic charges by the ATLAS and MoEDAL experiments at the LHC, as well as prospects for future searches.

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去，现在和将来的对撞机以及宇宙中磁单极子的理论和实验研究的最新进展。除了标准的大统一理论之外，理论模型还包括标准模型的扩展，该模型允许使用具有有限能量和质量（仅几TeV的质量）的磁单极子解决方案。特别是，我们讨论了在其他情形下，标准模型的超充电部分的Born-Infeld扩展（弦启发式，高导数）的修饰的Cho-Maison单极子和磁性单极子。我们还概述了描述单极子与光子相互作用的有效场论有效的条件，这些条件可用于对撞机单极子生产中的结果解释。