Multicarrier energy systems (MCESs) are characterized by strong coordination in operation and planning across multiple energy vectors and/or sectors to deliver reliable, cost-effective energy services to end users/customers with minimal impact on the environment. They have efficiency and flexibility benefits and are deployed in large and small scales on the supply and demand sides and at the network level but are more complex to control and manage. In this article, MCESs are reviewed in the context of future low carbon energy systems based on electrification and very high variable renewable energy penetrations. Fully exploiting these systems requires some cost reductions, more sophisticated operations enabled by standardized communications and control capabilities detailed planning paradigms, and addressing their corresponding economic challenges. All these point toward the direction of analysis, markets, and technology research and development coupled with better policy and regulatory frameworks. One futuristic vision of a very low carbon energy system is proposed that illustrates potential pathways to an MCES-dominated energy future.

中文翻译：

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多载波能源系统：塑造我们的能源未来

多载波能源系统 (MCES) 的特点是在多个能源载体和/或部门之间的运营和规划方面进行了强有力的协调，以向最终用户/客户提供可靠、具有成本效益的能源服务，同时对环境的影响最小。它们具有效率和灵活性优势，并在供需侧和网络级别进行了大小规模的部署，但控制和管理起来更加复杂。在本文中，MCES 在基于电气化和非常高的可变可再生能源渗透率的未来低碳能源系统的背景下进行了审查。充分利用这些系统需要降低一些成本，通过标准化通信和控制能力、详细规划范式实现更复杂的操作，并解决相应的经济挑战。所有这些都指向了分析、市场和技术研究与开发以及更好的政策和监管框架的方向。提出了一种极低碳能源系统的未来愿景，该愿景说明了通向 MCES 主导的能源未来的潜在途径。