Utilizing large-scale outdoor $I$ – $V$ data streams, the authors demonstrated a feasible, repeatable method to construct outdoor time-series $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$ curves. Resulting Analytic $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$ curves are validated with laboratory $Suns$ - $V_{\text{oc}}$ measurements. Comparing $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$ with real $I$ – $V$ curves, power loss modes including uniform current loss, recombination loss, series resistance loss, and current mismatch loss can be quantified in units of watts or percent nominal power, making them directly comparable. Above power loss modes are calculated for long-term $I$ – $V$ data from fielded modules in different climate zones, and dominant power loss modes were determined from the resulting time series. This method has been published as an open source package in R programming language.

中文翻译：

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分析 $I_{\text{sc}}$–$V_{\text{oc}}$ 方法和来自室外时间序列 $I$–$V$ 曲线的功率损耗模式

利用大规模户外 $I$ – $V$ 数据流，作者展示了一种可行的、可重复的方法来构建户外时间序列 $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$曲线。结果分析 $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$ 曲线通过实验室 $Suns$ - $V_{\text{oc}}$ 测量值进行验证。比较 $I_{\text{sc}}$ – $V_{\text{oc}}$ 与真实的 $I$ – $V$ 曲线，功率损耗模式包括均匀电流损耗、复合损耗、串联电阻损耗和电流失配损耗可以以瓦特或标称功率百分比为单位进行量化，从而使它们直接具有可比性。上述功率损耗模式是针对来自不同气候区的现场模块的长期 $I$ - $V$ 数据计算得出的，主要功率损耗模式是根据由此产生的时间序列确定的。