A quantitative physical model for potential-induced degradation of the shunting type (PID-s) in solar modules is introduced. Based on a drift and diffusion approach for sodium ions and atoms, it gives insight into the kinetics of degradation and the corresponding regeneration. A simple drift/source term is used to describe the time-dependent flux of Na$^+$-ions toward stacking faults at the surface of the solar cell. The assumed transport mechanism for Na$^+$ ions through the SiN layer uses the modified Stern–Eyring rate theory but our approach can also be adapted to other mechanisms. Several PID-s and regeneration curves of one-cell solar modules at T = 49 °C and T = 90 °C with 1000 V potential difference between module frame and cell were measured and least-square fits of the in situ measured parallel resistance $R_\text{sh}$ to the model were performed giving very good accordance. Based on a few measurements, the model can predict PID-s and regeneration characteristics of solar modules under different conditions.

中文翻译：

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太阳能模块中PID-s的漂移和扩散模型

介绍了太阳能组件中分流型 (PID-s) 电位引起的退化的定量物理模型。基于钠离子和原子的漂移和扩散方法，它可以深入了解降解动力学和相应的再生。一个简单的漂移/源项用于描述 Na 的时间相关通量$^+$- 离子朝向太阳能电池表面的堆垛层错。Na 的假定运输机制$^+$离子穿过 SiN 层使用改进的 Stern-Eyring 速率理论，但我们的方法也可以适用于其他机制。单片太阳能组件的几种PID-s和再生曲线吨 = 49 °C 和 吨 = 90 °C，模块框架和电池之间的电位差为 1000 V，并进行最小二乘拟合 就地 测得的并联电阻 $R_\text{sh}$对模型进行了非常好的一致性。基于少量测量，该模型可以预测太阳能组件在不同条件下的 PID-s 和再生特性。