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Metachronal actuation of microscopic magnetic artificial cilia generates strong microfluidic pumping.
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00610f Shuaizhong Zhang 1 , Zhiwei Cui , Ye Wang , Jaap M J den Toonder
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00610f Shuaizhong Zhang 1 , Zhiwei Cui , Ye Wang , Jaap M J den Toonder
Affiliation
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Biological cilia that generate fluid flow or propulsion are often found to exhibit a collective wavelike metachronal motion, i.e. neighboring cilia beat slightly out-of-phase rather than synchronously. Inspired by this observation, this article experimentally demonstrates that microscopic magnetic artificial cilia (μMAC) performing a metachronal motion can generate strong microfluidic flows, though, interestingly, the mechanism is different from that in biological cilia, as is found through a systematic experimental study. The μMAC are actuated by a facile magnetic setup, consisting of an array of rod-shaped magnets. This arrangement imposes a time-dependent non-uniform magnetic field on the μMAC array, resulting in a phase difference between the beatings of adjacent μMAC, while each cilium exhibits a two-dimensional whip-like motion. By performing the metachronal 2D motion, the μMAC are able to generate a strong flow in a microfluidic chip, with velocities of up to 3000 μm s−1 in water, which, different from biological cilia, is found to be a result of combined metachronal and inertial effects, in addition to the effect of asymmetric beating. The pumping performance of the metachronal μMAC outperforms all previously reported microscopic artificial cilia, and is competitive with that of most of the existing microfluidic pumping methods, while the proposed platform requires no physical connection to peripheral equipment, reduces the usage of reagents by minimizing “dead volumes”, avoids undesirable electrical effects, and accommodates a wide range of different fluids. The 2D metachronal motion can also generate a flow with velocities up to 60 μm s−1 in pure glycerol, where Reynolds number is less than 0.05 and the flow is primarily caused by the metachronal motion of the μMAC. These findings offer a novel solution to not only create on-chip integrated micropumps, but also design swimming and walking microrobots, as well as self-cleaning and antifouling surfaces.
中文翻译：
微观磁性人工纤毛的超同步驱动产生强大的微流泵浦作用。
通常会发现产生流体流动或推进作用的生物纤毛表现出集体的波浪状同步运动，即邻近的纤毛搏动略有不同相，而不是同步搏动。受此观察结果的启发，本文通过实验证明了执行同步运动的微观磁性人工纤毛（μMAC）可以产生强大的微流体流动，尽管有趣的是，该机制与生物学纤毛中的机制不同，这是通过系统的实验研究发现的。μMAC由一个由一组杆状磁铁组成的磁装置驱动。这种布置在μMAC阵列上施加了时间依赖性的非均匀磁场，导致相邻μMAC的跳动之间存在相位差，而每个纤毛均表现出二维鞭状运动。通过执行同步2D运动，μMAC能够在微流体芯片中产生强大的流动，水中的-1不同于生物纤毛，除了不对称跳动的影响外，还被发现是同时变位和惯性作用的结果。异时μMAC的泵送性能优于以前报道的所有微观人工纤毛，并且与大多数现有的微流体泵送方法相比具有竞争优势，而建议的平台无需与外围设备进行物理连接，并通过最大程度地减少“死角”来减少试剂的使用体积”，避免了不良的电气影响，并可以容纳各种不同的流体。2D历时运动还可产生速度高达60μms -1的流在纯甘油中，雷诺数小于0.05，且流动主要是由μMAC的同步运动引起的。这些发现提供了一种新颖的解决方案，不仅可以创建片上集成微型泵，还可以设计游泳和步行微型机器人，以及自清洁和防污表面。
更新日期：2020-09-29
中文翻译：
微观磁性人工纤毛的超同步驱动产生强大的微流泵浦作用。
通常会发现产生流体流动或推进作用的生物纤毛表现出集体的波浪状同步运动，即邻近的纤毛搏动略有不同相，而不是同步搏动。受此观察结果的启发，本文通过实验证明了执行同步运动的微观磁性人工纤毛（μMAC）可以产生强大的微流体流动，尽管有趣的是，该机制与生物学纤毛中的机制不同，这是通过系统的实验研究发现的。μMAC由一个由一组杆状磁铁组成的磁装置驱动。这种布置在μMAC阵列上施加了时间依赖性的非均匀磁场，导致相邻μMAC的跳动之间存在相位差，而每个纤毛均表现出二维鞭状运动。通过执行同步2D运动，μMAC能够在微流体芯片中产生强大的流动，水中的-1不同于生物纤毛，除了不对称跳动的影响外，还被发现是同时变位和惯性作用的结果。异时μMAC的泵送性能优于以前报道的所有微观人工纤毛，并且与大多数现有的微流体泵送方法相比具有竞争优势，而建议的平台无需与外围设备进行物理连接，并通过最大程度地减少“死角”来减少试剂的使用体积”，避免了不良的电气影响，并可以容纳各种不同的流体。2D历时运动还可产生速度高达60μms -1的流在纯甘油中，雷诺数小于0.05，且流动主要是由μMAC的同步运动引起的。这些发现提供了一种新颖的解决方案，不仅可以创建片上集成微型泵，还可以设计游泳和步行微型机器人，以及自清洁和防污表面。
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