Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned, associated with twisting of body parts, and may have tremulousness. Dystonia is usually initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most prevalent form of dystonia. CD is a condition characterized by cranial muscle overactivity leading to abnormal intermittent or continuous posturing of the head. Non-motor symptoms are comorbidity of dystonia, which significantly hampers the quality of life among these patients. The symptoms can be as a result of the dystonia itself. However, studies have highlighted the involvement of cortical-striatal-thalamocortical circuits in primary dystonia that could be the pathophysiological basis for the non-motor symptoms. The non-motor symptoms that are commonly associated with dystonia are anxiety, depression, restless leg syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive disturbances, and poor sleep. This review attempts to summarize the literature on non-motor symptoms in patients with CD.


中文翻译：

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颈肌张力障碍的非运动症状：回顾


肌张力障碍是一种运动障碍，其特征在于持续或间歇性的肌肉收缩引起异常的，经常是重复的运动，姿势或两者。肌张力障碍运动通常是有规律的，与身体部位的扭曲有关，并且可能发颤。肌张力障碍通常是由自愿行动引起或加重的，并与肌肉溢出激活有关。颈肌张力障碍（CD）是最普遍的肌张力障碍形式。CD是一种以颅骨肌过度活动为特征的疾病，导致异常的间歇性或连续性姿势。非运动性症状是肌张力障碍的合并症，这严重阻碍了这些患者的生活质量。症状可能是肌张力障碍本身的结果。然而，研究表明，皮层-纹状体-丘脑皮质回路参与原发性肌张力障碍，这可能是非运动症状的病理生理基础。通常与肌张力障碍相关的非运动性症状是焦虑，抑郁，不安腿综合征，白天过度嗜睡，认知障碍和睡眠不足。本文试图总结有关CD患者非运动症状的文献。