The Chang’E-2 (CE-2) four-channel microwave radiometer (MRM) data with frequencies of 3 GHz, 7.8 GHz, 19.35 GHz, and 37 GHz have been used to investigate the properties of lunar surface such as regolith thickness, dielectric constant, and titanium abundance within a depth of several meters in middle and low latitudes. The purpose of this work is to take a close look at MRM data in the polar regions of the Moon and analyze the characteristics of the brightness temperature (TB) in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), especially where evidence of water ice has been found. First, the comparisons of brightness temperature values in the polar region and in low latitudes show that (1) the periodic diurnal (day/night) variation of TB becomes weak in high latitudes since topography plays a dominant role in determining TB in polar region and (2) seasonal effects are more recognizable in polar region than in low latitudes due to the weak illumination condition. Second, even without direct sun illumination, significant seasonal variations of TBs are observed in PSRs, probably caused by the scattering flux from neighboring topography. TB Ratio (TBR) between channel 1 and channel 4, which indicates the differences of TB at different depths of lunar regolith, is higher and shows stronger seasonal variation in PSR than regions with direct illumination. Third, overall the distribution of high TBR values is in consistence with the water ice distributions obtained by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument, the LAMP UV spectra, and the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer. The proportion of the summation over area with water ice proof in the regions of interest is 0.89 and 0.56 in south pole and north pole, respectively. The causes of the correlation of high TBR between different microwave frequencies and stability of water ice deposits still require further investigation, but MRM data shows unique characteristic in PSRs and could provide important information about the upper few meters of lunar regolith.

中文翻译：

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月球极区Chang娥二号微波辐射计数据的研究

频率为3 GHz，7.8 GHz，19.35 GHz和37 GHz的Chang'E-2（CE-2）四通道微波辐射计（MRM）数据已用于研究月球表面的特性，例如重石厚度，介电常数和中低纬度几米深处的钛丰度。这项工作的目的是仔细查看月球两极地区的MRM数据，并分析永久阴影区（PSR）中的亮温（TB）特性，尤其是在发现有水冰的地方。第一，极地地区和低纬度地区的亮度温度值的比较表明，（1）高纬度地区结核病的昼夜变化（昼/夜）变弱，因为地形起着决定极地地区结核病的主要作用，（2） ）由于光照条件较弱，与低纬度地区相比，极地地区的季节性影响更加明显。其次，即使没有阳光直射，在PSR中也观察到了TB的明显季节性变化，这可能是由于邻近地形的散射通量引起的。通道1和通道4之间的TB比（TBR）比直接照明区域更高，并且在PSR中显示出更强的PSR季节性变化。第三，总的来说，高TBR值的分布与通过Moon Mineralogy Mapper仪器，LAMP UV光谱和Lunar Prospector中子光谱仪获得的水冰分布一致。在南极和北极，感兴趣地区加水防冰的总面积比例分别为0.89和0.56。微波频率与水冰沉积物稳定性之间的高TBR相关性的原因仍需进一步研究，但MRM数据显示PSR具有独特的特征，并且可以提供有关月球长石上方几米的重要信息。在南极和北极，感兴趣地区加水防冰面积的总和比例分别为0.89和0.56。微波频率与水冰沉积物稳定性之间的高TBR相关性的原因仍需进一步研究，但MRM数据显示PSR具有独特的特征，并且可以提供有关月球上部砾石的重要信息。在南极和北极，感兴趣地区加水防冰面积的总和比例分别为0.89和0.56。微波频率与水冰沉积物稳定性之间的高TBR相关性的原因仍需进一步研究，但MRM数据显示PSR具有独特的特征，并且可以提供有关月球长石上方几米的重要信息。