Abstract A comprehensive analysis method based on numerical simulation, displacement monitoring and digital borehole photography was proposed and employed to analyze the spalling characteristics and damage range. A continuous–discontinuous numerical model was set up, and which was calibrated based on field displacement monitoring data from Hongtoushan copper mine, and a developed continuous-discontinuous element method (CDEM) coupling the finite element method and the discrete element method was used to investigate the spalling initiation and propagation in the deep underground ramp under periodic stoping conditions, which was verified by the digital borehole photography. The results showed the initiation, propagation of ramp spalling associated with continuous periodic mining-induced stress, and parallels to the vertical stress direction. Severely spalling failure occurs at the left wall of the ramp, and the spalling depth is about 0.6 m. The spalling strain analysis also indicates that large-scale spalling failure occurs in the left wall, and which was verified by the digital borehole photography observation. The numerical simulation and field observation have good consistency. The comprehensive analysis method provide more realistic results, which helps to understand spalling failure mechanisms in deep hard rock mining and provide references for rock support.

中文翻译：

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基于数值模拟和现场观测的深部地下匝道围岩剥落过程分析

摘要 提出了一种基于数值模拟、位移监测和数字钻孔摄影的综合分析方法，用于分析剥落特性和损伤范围。建立了连续-不连续数值模型，并根据红透山铜矿现场位移监测数据进行标定，并采用有限元法和离散元法相结合的连续-不连续元法（CDEM）进行研究。数字钻孔摄影验证了周期性停止条件下深部地下匝道中剥落的发生和传播。结果表明，斜坡剥落的起始、扩展与连续周期性采矿应力相关，并平行于垂直应力方向。坡道左壁发生严重剥落破坏，剥落深度约0.6 m。剥落应变分析也表明左壁发生了大规模的剥落破坏，并通过数字钻孔摄影观察得到了验证。数值模拟与现场观测具有较好的一致性。综合分析方法提供更真实的结果，有助于理解深部硬岩开采剥落破坏机理，为岩石支护提供参考。数值模拟与现场观测具有较好的一致性。综合分析方法提供更真实的结果，有助于理解深部硬岩开采剥落破坏机理，为岩石支护提供参考。数值模拟与现场观测具有较好的一致性。综合分析方法提供更真实的结果，有助于理解深部硬岩开采剥落破坏机理，为岩石支护提供参考。