ABSTRACT

Introduction

Immunological skin dysfunctions trigger the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines, which induce recurrent skin inflammation associated with chronic itching, inefficient barrier behavior, and reduced skin hydration. These features characterize a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease atopic dermatitis (AD). AD therapy includes anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressors as well as non-pharmacological alternatives such as emollients, moisturizers, and lipids (ceramides, phospholipids) for modulating the skin hydration and the barrier repair. However, these treatments are inconvenient with low drug skin penetration and insufficient maintenance on the application site.

Areas covered

Nanotechnology-based therapies can be a great strategy to overcome these limitations. Considering the particular skin morphological organization, SC lipid matrix composition, and immunological functions/features related to nanocarriers, this review focuses on recent developments of nanoparticulate systems (polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic) as parent or hybrid systems including their chemical composition, physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties, and differential characteristics that evaluate them as new effective drug-delivery systems for AD treatment.

Expert opinion

Despite the several innovative formulations, research in nanotechnology-based carriers should address specific aspects such as the use of moisturizers associated to pharmacological therapies, toxicity studies, scale-up production processes and the nanocarrier influence on immunological response. These approaches will help researchers choose the most appropriate nanocarrier system and widen nanomedicine applications and commercialization.

中文翻译：

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用于特应性皮炎的纳米制剂的趋势。

摘要

介绍

免疫性皮肤功能障碍触发炎症细胞因子的合成和释放，从而诱发与慢性瘙痒，低效的屏障行为和皮肤水分减少相关的复发性皮肤炎症。这些特征表征了多因素慢性炎性疾病特应性皮炎（AD）。AD疗法包括抗炎药和免疫抑制剂，以及非药理学替代品，例如润肤剂，保湿剂和脂质（神经酰胺，磷脂），用于调节皮肤的水合作用和屏障修复。但是，这些治疗不便，药物渗透性低，在应用部位的维护不足。

覆盖区域

基于纳米技术的疗法可能是克服这些局限性的好策略。考虑到特定的皮肤形态组织，SC脂质基质组成以及与纳米载体有关的免疫功能/特征，本综述着重研究纳米颗粒系统（聚合物，基于脂质，无机的）作为母体或混合系统的最新进展，包括其化学组成，物理-化学和生物制药特性，以及可将其评价为AD治疗新有效药物递送系统的差异特征。

专家意见

尽管有几种创新的配方，基于纳米技术的载体的研究仍应解决特定方面，例如与药理疗法相关的保湿剂的使用，毒性研究，大规模生产过程以及纳米载体对免疫应答的影响。这些方法将帮助研究人员选择最合适的纳米载体系统，并扩大纳米医学的应用范围和商业化。