Abstract Rice is the principal food crop for people in South and South-East Asia and is life for millions of rural households worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB) is a very common, widespread, and highly destructive disease of rice. By the introduction of nitrogen-responsive high-yielding rice varieties, there was many-fold increase in the productivity level of tropical rice in recent years. Continuous cropping of rice with high nitrogen use and general wet conditions aggravated the disease incidence. The cost of chemical control measures is high and often shows adverse effects on the environment. Development of host-plant resistance is therefore a preferred approach to control the disease. Evolution of pathogen differentiation in the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isolates often causes the breakdown of resistance against the disease. Efforts to deploy R-genes combinations are more important for managing the disease. Durable and broad-spectrum resistance may be achieved in host plants by precise gene incorporation through gene-pyramiding approach. To date, 45 genes conferring resistance to this disease have been identified in rice. The gene-for-gene concept of resistance governs the race-specific interaction between the host and the Xoo strains. Plants have developed different intrinsic mechanisms to defend the pathogen invasion. The pathogen also evolves to produce effectors with variation to counter the patterns-triggered immunity and convert the host plants response for effector-triggered susceptibility. This review discusses the progress in the identification of resistance genes, mechanisms of resistance, and deployment of resistance genes for durable and stable resistance in rice.

中文翻译：

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水稻抗枯萎病基因的遗传学、分子机制和部署

摘要 水稻是南亚和东南亚人民的主要粮食作物，是全世界数百万农村家庭的生活。细菌性枯萎病（BB）是一种非常常见、普遍且具有高度破坏性的水稻病害。近年来，通过引入氮响应高产水稻品种，热带水稻的生产力水平成倍增长。水稻连作高氮使用和一般潮湿条件加剧了该病的发生。化学控制措施的成本很高，而且往往对环境产生不利影响。因此，宿主植物抗性的发展是控制疾病的优选方法。稻瘟病菌病原体分化的进化。oryzae (Xoo) 分离株通常会导致对该病的抵抗力下降。部署 R 基因组合的努力对于控制疾病更为重要。通过基因金字塔方法进行精确的基因整合，可以在宿主植物中实现持久和广谱的抗性。迄今为止，已在水稻中鉴定出 45 个赋予该病害抗性的基因。抗性的基因对基因概念控制着宿主和 Xoo 菌株之间的种族特异性相互作用。植物已经发展出不同的内在机制来防御病原体入侵。病原体还进化产生具有变异的效应子，以对抗模式触发的免疫，并将宿主植物的反应转化为效应子触发的易感性。本综述讨论了抗性基因的鉴定、抗性机制、