Skillful manipulation requires forming memories of object dynamics, linking applied force to motion. Although it has been assumed that such memories are linked to objects, a recent study showed that people can form separate memories when these are linked to different controlled points on an object (Heald et al. 2018). In that study, participants controlled the handle of a robotic device to move a virtual bar with circles (control points) on the left and right sides. Participants were instructed to move either the left or right control point to a target on the left or right, respectively, such that the required movement was constant. When these control points were paired with opposing force fields, adaptation was observed. In this previous study, both the controlled point and the target changed between contexts. To assess which of these factors is critical for learning, here we used a similar paradigm but with a bar that automatically rotated as it was moved. In the first experiment, the bar rotated such that the left and right control points moved to a common target. In the second experiment, the bar rotated such that a single control point moved to a target located on either the left or right. In both experiments, participants were able to learn opposing force fields applied in the two contexts. We conclude that separate memories of dynamics can be formed for different 'contact goals' involving a unique combination of the controlled point on an object and the target location this point 'contacts'.

中文翻译：

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操作任务中的运动记忆与对象之间的接触目标相关联。

熟练的操作需要形成物体动力学的记忆，将施加的力与运动联系起来。尽管人们假设这种记忆与物体有关，但最近的一项研究表明，当这些记忆与物体上的不同控制点相关联时，人们可以形成单独的记忆（Heald 等人，2018 年）。在该研究中，参与者控制机器人设备的手柄移动左右两侧带有圆圈（控制点）的虚拟条。参与者被指示将左侧或右侧控制点分别移动到左侧或右侧的目标，以便所需的移动是恒定的。当这些控制点与相反的力场配对时，观察到了适应性。在之前的这项研究中，控制点和目标在上下文之间都发生了变化。为了评估这些因素中的哪一个对学习至关重要，我们在这里使用了一个类似的范例，但使用一个在移动时自动旋转的条。在第一个实验中，杆旋转使得左右控制点移动到一个共同的目标。在第二个实验中，杆旋转，以便单个控制点移动到位于左侧或右侧的目标。在这两个实验中，参与者都能够学习在两种情况下应用的相反力场。我们得出结论，可以为不同的“接触目标”形成单独的动力学记忆，涉及对象上的受控点和该点“接触”的目标位置的独特组合。酒吧旋转，使左右控制点移动到一个共同的目标。在第二个实验中，杆旋转，以便单个控制点移动到位于左侧或右侧的目标。在这两个实验中，参与者都能够学习在两种情况下应用的相反力场。我们得出结论，可以为不同的“接触目标”形成单独的动力学记忆，涉及对象上的受控点和该点“接触”的目标位置的独特组合。酒吧旋转，使左右控制点移动到一个共同的目标。在第二个实验中，杆旋转，以便单个控制点移动到位于左侧或右侧的目标。在这两个实验中，参与者都能够学习在两种情况下应用的相反力场。我们得出结论，可以为不同的“接触目标”形成单独的动力学记忆，涉及对象上的受控点和该点“接触”的目标位置的独特组合。