This study was conducted to investigate the repellent efficacy of essential oils (Origanum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, and Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and four plant extracts (Agastache rugosa, Capsicum annuum, Citrus reticulata, and Ginkgo biloba) against Tribolium castaneum (adults and larvae) and Plodia interpunctella (larvae). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of carvacrol, anethole, and jasmolin I as the predominant constituent in O. vulgare, P. anisum, and T. cinerariifolium, respectively. Furthermore, ethyl hexopyranoside, 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid, cyclopentanol, and 2‐cresol were identified in A. rugosa, C. annuum, C. reticulata, and G. biloba, respectively. The repellent efficacy of each essential oil, plant extract, and the combination of oils was evaluated using a specially designed cylinder trap for 120 h. Among the three oils, O. vulgare and T. cinerariifolium had greatest repellent efficacy against P. interpunctella larvae. T. cinerariifolium exhibited effective repellence against the adults and larvae of T. castaneum. Therefore, O. vulgare (O) and T. cinerariifolium (T) were selected for further investigation of combined effects. Two essential oils were mixed in three different ratios of OT1 (1:3), OT2 (1:1), and OT3 (3:1). The repellent efficacies of OT1 and OT2 against the adults of T. castaneum were significantly greater than that of OT3. OT1 was effective against the larvae of T. castaneum, whereas OT2 was effective against the larvae of P. interpunctella. OT1 enhanced the repellent efficacy by approximately five times against larvae of T. castaneum, compared with that of T. cinerariifolium. Overall, OT1 was selected as the best repellent substance against all the tested insects.

中文翻译：

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精油和植物提取物对 Tribolium castaneum 和 Plodia interpunctella 的驱避功效

本研究旨在研究精油（Origanum vulgare、Pimpinella anisum 和 Tanacetum cinerariifolium）和四种植物提取物（Agastache rugosa、Capsicum annuum、Citrus reticulata 和 Ginkgo biloba）对 Tribolium castaneum（成人和幼虫）的驱虫效果Plodia interpunctella（幼虫）。气相色谱/质谱分析显示香芹酚、茴香脑和茉莉花素 I 分别是 O. vulgare、P.anisum 和 T.cinerariifolium 中的主要成分。此外，还在 A. rugosa、C. annuum、C. reticulata 和 G. biloba 中分别鉴定出乙基己基吡喃糖苷、9,12-十八碳二烯酸、环戊醇和 2-甲酚。每种精油、植物提取物的驱蚊功效，并使用专门设计的圆筒形疏水阀对油的组合进行了 120 小时的评估。在三种油中，O. vulgare 和 T. cinerariifolium 对 P. interpunctella 幼虫的驱避效果最好。T. cinerariifolium 对 T. castaneum 的成虫和幼虫表现出有效的驱避作用。因此，选择 O. vulgare (O) 和 T. cinerariifolium (T) 以进一步研究组合效应。两种精油以 OT1 (1:3)、OT2 (1:1) 和 OT3 (3:1) 的三种不同比例混合。OT1和OT2对T. castaneum成虫的驱避效果显着高于OT3。OT1 对 T. castaneum 的幼虫有效，而 OT2 对 P. interpunctella 的幼虫有效。OT1 对 T. castaneum 幼虫的驱避效果提高了大约 5 倍，与 T. cinerariifolium 相比。总体而言，OT1 被选为对所有测试昆虫的最佳驱避剂。