The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of intumescent flame retardant EP (EP‐IFR) composites based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a hyperbranched triazine carbon forming agent (HTCFA) were investigated by the means of limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion test (UL‐94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter test (CONE). The results exhibited that the combination of APP and HTCFA obviously imparted better flame retardancy to EP than them applied alone. EP composites containing 10 wt% APP/HTCFA (4/1) passed UL‐94V‐0 rating with a LOI value of 32%, while there was no rating for EP‐APP or EP‐HTCFA. In addition, the combination of APP and HTCFA influenced the fire behavior of composites with more efficient heat/smoke release suppression. The carbonaceous residues after cone presented expanded structures with compact and continuous surfaces. TGA results presented that there was an obvious synergistic effect between them, significantly enhancing the thermal stability and promoting the formation of char residues. The flame retardant mechanism was also involved based on the residue analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and laser Raman spectrometer (LRS). Results illustrated high‐quality foamed cellular char layers with highly graphitic degree contributed to better flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of EP‐APP/HTCFA composite.

中文翻译：

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超支化三嗪基炭化剂对膨胀型阻燃EP复合材料阻燃性和降解行为的影响

通过有限氧指数（LOI），垂直燃烧的方法研究了基于聚磷酸铵（APP）和超支化三嗪碳形成剂（HTCFA）的膨胀型阻燃EP（EP-IFR）复合材料的阻燃性和热降解行为测试（UL‐94），热重分析（TGA）和锥形量热仪测试（CONE）。结果表明，APP和HTCFA的组合明显比单独使用对EP具有更好的阻燃性。包含10 wt％APP / HTCFA（4/1）的EP复合材料通过UL‐94V-0评级，LOI值为32％，而EP‐APP或EP‐HTCFA没有评级。此外，APP和HTCFA的结合还可以更有效地抑制热/烟释放，从而影响了复合材料的防火性能。锥孔后的碳质残留物呈现出具有紧密连续表面的膨胀结构。TGA结果表明它们之间具有明显的协同作用，显着增强了热稳定性并促进了炭渣的形成。阻燃机理还涉及扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和激光拉曼光谱仪（LRS）的残留分析。结果表明，具有高石墨化度的高质量泡沫多孔炭层有助于改善EP-APP / HTCFA复合材料的阻燃和抑烟性能。显着提高了热稳定性并促进了炭渣的形成。阻燃机理还涉及扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和激光拉曼光谱仪（LRS）的残留分析。结果表明，具有高石墨化度的高质量泡沫多孔炭层有助于改善EP-APP / HTCFA复合材料的阻燃和抑烟性能。显着提高了热稳定性并促进了炭渣的形成。阻燃机理还涉及扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和激光拉曼光谱仪（LRS）的残留分析。结果表明，具有高石墨化度的高质量泡沫多孔炭层有助于改善EP-APP / HTCFA复合材料的阻燃和抑烟性能。