Abstract Cognitive aging and disuse atrophy during a non-working period are often indiscernible due to retirement. This study uses a latent growth curve model that estimates cognitive change, independently and jointly by time over a period, time away from work, and the cognitive job demands of the latest job, while adjusting for attrition biases. Data consist of 14,124 Health and Retirement Study participants whose cognition was assessed at least twice between 1996 and 2016, with the word-recall and the vocabulary tests. Independently of cognitive aging, the word-recall score temporarily declines for the following 17 years of a disuse period while the vocabulary score slightly and constantly improves. In both tests, cognitive aging accelerates over time away from work, and leaving a more cognitively demanding job attenuates cognitive decline during a disuse period and does not slow cognitive aging itself.

中文翻译：

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远离对认知要求高的工作；它如何在时间或发展上影响晚年认知？

摘要 非工作期间的认知老化和废用性萎缩往往因退休而难以察觉。本研究使用潜在增长曲线模型，根据一段时间内的时间、离开工作的时间和最近工作的认知工作需求，独立或联合估计认知变化，同时调整损耗偏差。数据由 14,124 名健康与退休研究参与者组成，他们的认知在 1996 年至 2016 年间至少进行了两次评估，包括单词回忆和词汇测试。独立于认知老化，在接下来的 17 年不使用期间，单词回忆分数暂时下降，而词汇分数略有不断提高。在这两项测试中，认知老化随着时间的推移而加速，远离工作，