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Elevated recognition accuracy for low-pitched male voices in men with higher threat potential: Further evidence for the retaliation-cost model in humans
Evolution and Human Behavior ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.08.008 Jinguang Zhang , Bin-Bin Chen , Carolyn Hodges-Simeon , Graham Albert , Steven J.C. Gaulin , Scott A. Reid
Evolution and Human Behavior ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.08.008 Jinguang Zhang , Bin-Bin Chen , Carolyn Hodges-Simeon , Graham Albert , Steven J.C. Gaulin , Scott A. Reid
Abstract For humans, voice pitch is highly flexible and, when lowered, makes male speakers sound more dominant, intimidating, threatening, and likely to aggress. Importantly, pitch lowering could not have evolved as a threat signal with these effects on signal receivers unless it were honest on average. Drawing on Enquist's retaliation-cost model, we tested the hypothesis that heterosexual men high in threat potential will show enhanced memory for low-pitched male voices when mating motives were activated. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that heterosexual Chinese males higher in trait aggressiveness (Experiment 1) and heterosexual U.S. males higher in upper-body strength (Experiment 2) were more accurate in distinguishing between previously heard and unheard low- but not high-pitched male voices under a mating-motive prime. We believe that this enhanced recognition accuracy for low-pitched male voices facilitates retaliation for men with high threat potential, and thereby serves to probe the honesty of pitch lowering as an aggressive signal.
更新日期：2020-08-01
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