Abstract The advantages of carbon-based supercapacitors are high specific power and long life, but their specific energy is low. It is difficult to increase the specific energy and specific power of carbon-based supercapacitors simultaneously. In this work, bamboos are cross-cut into thin flakes, which are carbonized and KOH-treated to obtain porous carbons for supercapacitors. The specific capacitance, specific energy and the rate performance of the carbons from cross-cutting bamboo are significantly improved. More interestingly, the symmetric supercapacitor in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte based on cross-cutting bamboo carbons provide a high specific energy of 10.4 Wh kg−1 in 0.47 s at a relatively high specific power of 80,000 W kg−1, and no capacitance loss is found after 30,000 cycles at 50 A g−1. These features are explained for the improvement of the effective specific surface area and the shortened ion diffusion distance in carbon electrode due to cross-cutting of the long natural pore tunnels of bamboo and the enhancement of hydrophilicity of carbon surface. The results reveal that such a simple strategy of cross-cutting biomass is an efficient way to prepare promising porous carbons for supercapacitors with good performance.

中文翻译：

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由竹衍生多孔碳实现的高比功率/能量、超长寿命超级电容器

摘要 碳基超级电容器的优点是比功率高、寿命长，但比能量低。很难同时提高碳基超级电容器的比能量和比功率。在这项工作中，竹子被横切成薄片，经过碳化和 KOH 处理，以获得用于超级电容器的多孔碳。横切竹炭的比电容、比能量和倍率性能显着提高。更有趣的是，基于横切竹炭的 1 M Na2SO4 电解质中的对称超级电容器在 0.47 秒内提供了 10.4 Wh kg-1 的高比能量，80,000 W kg-1 的相对较高的比功率，并且没有电容损失在 50 A g-1 下进行 30,000 次循环后发现。这些特征解释了由于竹子天然长孔隧道的横切和碳表面亲水性的增强，有效比表面积的提高和碳电极中离子扩散距离的缩短。结果表明，这种简单的生物质横切策略是制备具有良好性能的超级电容器的有前途的多孔碳的有效方法。