The aim of this study was to molecularly survey Bartonella spp. in rodents from the Valdivia Province, Southern Chile and from wild black rat-fleas in Guafo Island, Chilean Patagonia. Thrity-three spleens from synanthropic (Mus musculus, Rattus novergicus and Rattus rattus) and wild (Abrothrix longipilis, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Abrothrix sp.) rodents from Valdivia and 39 fleas/flea-pools (Plocopsylla sp. and Nosopsyllus sp.) from R. rattus in Guafo Island were obtained. All samples were screened by high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR for Bartonella ITS locus (190 bp). ITS-Positive samples were further analyzed for two HRM real-time PCR assays targeting Bartonella rpoB (191 bp) and gltA (340 bp) gene fragments. All positive ITS, gltA and rpoB real-time PCR products were purified and sequenced. Bayesian inference trees were built for the gltA and rpoB gene fragments. Bartonella-ITS DNA was detected in 36.3% (12/33) [95% CI (22–53%)] of the tested rodents from Valdivia, being identified in all but O. longicaudatus rodent species captured in this study. ITS DNA was detected in 28% (11/39) [95% CI (16-43%)] of fleas/flea-pools from Guafo Island and identified in both Plocopsylla and Nosopsyllus genera. Sequencing and phylogenic analyses targeting three loci of Bartonella spp. allowed the identification of five genotypes in rodents from Southern Chile, potentially belonging to three different Bartonella spp. Those included Bartonella tribocorum identified from R. rattus, Bartonella rochalimae detected from Abrothix sp., and one novel genotype from uncharacterized Bartonella sp. identified in M. musculus, R. norvegicus, A. longipilis, and Abothrix sp., related to strains previously isolated in Phyllotis sp. from Peru. Additionally, two genotypes of B. tribocorum were identified in fleas from Guafo. In a nutshell, highly diverse and potentially zoonotic Bartonella spp. are described for the first time in wild and synanthropic rodents from Chile, and B. tribocorum was detected in wild back rat fleas from Guafo Island.

这项研究的目的是对Bartonella spp进行分子调查。来自智利南部瓦尔迪维亚省和智利巴塔哥尼亚瓜瓜岛的野生黑鼠蚤的啮齿动物。点半分三从住区（synanthropic）（脾小家鼠，褐novergicus和黑家鼠）和野生（色鼠属longipilis，小啸鼠属长尾，色鼠属物种）从瓦尔的维亚啮齿动物和39个蚤/跳蚤池（Plocopsylla属和病蚤属）从ř鼠在瓜佛岛获得了。所有样品均通过高分辨率融合（HRM）实时PCR筛选Bartonella ITS基因座（190 bp）。进一步对ITS阳性样品进行了两种针对Bartonella rpoB（191 bp）和gltA（340 bp）基因片段的HRM实时PCR分析。所有阳性ITS，gltA和rpoB实时PCR产物均经过纯化和测序。为gltA和rpoB基因片段构建了贝叶斯推理树。汉赛巴尔-其DNA在36.3％中检测到（12/33）[95％CI（22-53％）]从瓦尔的维亚测试啮齿动物，但在所有被识别的O.长尾在这项研究中捕获的啮齿动物物种。在瓜佛岛的跳蚤/跳蚤池中有28％（11/39）[95％CI（16-43％）]中检测到ITS DNA，并在Plocopsylla和Nosopsyllus属中均得到了鉴定。针对Bartonella spp的三个基因座的测序和系统发育分析。允许在智利南部的啮齿动物中鉴定出五种基因型，这些基因型可能属于三种不同的巴尔通体属。这些问题包括巴尔通体tribocorum从识别R.褐，巴尔通体rochalimae从检测Abrothix属，并从未表征的一个新颖基因型巴尔通体属 在小家鼠，诺弗氏鼠，长鞭毛虫和Abothrix菌，与以前在Phyllotis菌中分离的菌株有关。来自秘鲁。另外，在瓜弗的跳蚤中鉴定到了两个B. tribocorum基因型。简而言之，高度多样化且可能是人畜共患的巴尔通体属。首次在智利的野生和同生啮齿动物中进行了描述，在瓜瓜岛的野生背鼠跳蚤中检测到了B. tribocorum。