Faced with changes related to climatic hazards or market variability, farmers deploy a variety of strategies to stabilize farm economic performances and reduce risk. One of the challenges faced by agricultural systems is how to reduce their sensitivity to these disturbances and maintain a certain level of production of goods and services. If diversity in crop and livestock activities in a farm has been shown to answer this challenge, at a higher scale, the growth of diversity and its benefits remain unclear. Using biotechnical models of existing farms within the territory of the Vallées de Duyes in the South of France, we propose to simulate various territorial configurations based on the assumption of diversity at farm and territorial scales and assess their expected sustainable properties. Based on the actual configuration of the referenced territory and composed of a set of specialized and mixed farms, two contrasted configurations are tested: from one side, a territory composed of specialized farms and, from the other side, a territory composed of mixed farms. The intrinsic diversity of individual farms impacts their performance and reveals that the resistance to economic shock varies according to the dependence on inputs and the use of rangelands. If mixed farms exhibit high values of diversity indicators for both land use and product provision, they also present high values for the majority of sustainable properties. At a higher scale, the specialized configuration shows the highest resistance to economic shock, but economic performances are lower than the referenced and specialized configurations. Here, we explore for the first time how several types of diversity indicators, both built within and between farms, could affect a set of sustainable properties of farms and territories. These new insights lead to a better understanding of how to balance performance at several scales and design sustainable Mediterranean farming systems.

中文翻译：

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探索在区域层面设计可持续农业系统需要哪种多样性的模型

面对与气候危害或市场变化有关的变化，农民采取了各种策略来稳定农场的经济表现并降低风险。农业系统面临的挑战之一是如何降低其对这些干扰的敏感性并保持一定水平的商品和服务生产。如果已经证明农场中农作物和牲畜活动的多样性可以应对这一挑战，那么更大范围内的多样性增长及其好处仍然不清楚。我们建议使用法国南部瓦莱德迪耶地区内现有农场的生物技术模型，基于对农场和地区规模多样性的假设，模拟各种领土配置，并评估其预期的可持续性。根据参考区域的实际配置，该配置由一组专用农场和混合农场组成，对两种对比配置进行了测试：一侧是由专用农场组成的领土，另一侧是由混合农场组成的领土。单个农场的内在多样性会影响其绩效，并表明对经济冲击的抵制程度取决于对投入物的依赖和牧场的使用。如果混合农场在土地使用和产品供应方面显示出较高的多样性指标，那么它们对大多数可持续性财产也具有较高的价值。在较大的规模上，专用配置显示出最高的抗经济冲击能力，但经济性能低于参考的专用配置。这里，我们首次探讨了农场内部和农场之间建立的几种类型的多样性指标如何影响农场和地区的一系列可持续性。这些新见解使人们对如何在几个规模上平衡绩效和设计可持续的地中海农业系统有了更好的理解。