ABSTRACT: Ecological and evolutionary factors, together with abiotic conditions, affect biogeographic patterns of genetic entities. The spatial and temporal variability of chromosomal inversions of Drosophila subobscura suggests that this species can serve as a good model for studying the effects of environmental change on the genetic structure of natural populations. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the association of environmental and climatic variables with inversion diversity patterns was performed on 20 D. subobscura populations from the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. Environmental data consisted of 3 sets of variables related to temperature and precipitation, extracted from 2 climatic databases, averaged over a 3 month period, and using biological instead of calendar dates of sampling. Arrangement frequency patterns are likely driven by a synergistic effect of factors related to temperature and precipitation. The frequencies of standard chromosomal arrangements tend to co-vary positively with precipitation, whereas parameters related to temperature appear to favor higher frequencies of the inverted and more complex chromosomal arrangements. A complex relationship among local environmental variables is evident from the results and reflects the probable effect of an altitudinal shift; the altitudinal gradient of inversions is different from their latitudinal gradient. The pattern of inversions is generally not associated with environmental variables, and a particular inversion cannot be a predictive genetic marker of global climate change. Populations in different habitats are subjected to habitat-specific selection regimes, while demographic factors and population history also affect the genetic variability pattern observed.

中文翻译：

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果蝇亚变种的环境变异性与反向多态性之间的关联：来自中部巴尔干地区人口的荟萃分析

摘要：生态和进化因素以及非生物条件影响遗传实体的生物地理格局。果蝇亚种的染色体倒置的时空变化表明，该物种可以作为研究环境变化对自然种群遗传结构影响的良好模型。对20 D. subobscura进行了环境和气候变量与反演多样性模式关联的综合荟萃分析。来自巴尔干半岛中部的人口。环境数据由3组与温度和降水相关的变量组成，这些变量是从2个气候数据库中提取的，在3个月的时间内取平均值，并使用生物学而非采样日期。排列频率模式可能是由与温度和降水有关的因素的协同作用所驱动的。标准染色体排列的频率往往与降水呈正相关，而与温度有关的参数似乎倾向于倒置和更复杂的染色体排列的较高频率。结果表明，当地环境变量之间存在复杂的关系，并反映了高度变化的可能影响。反演的海拔梯度不同于其纬度梯度。反转的模式通常与环境变量无关，并且特定的反转不能成为全球气候变化的预测遗传标记。不同生境的种群受到特定于生境的选择机制的影响，而人口统计学因素和种群历史也影响观察到的遗传变异性模式。