Rapidly expanding fed aquaculture demands high-quality, sustainable nutrient sources for utilisation as dietary ingredients. Exploring the potential of under-utilised resources from other industries is imperative to replace finite natural resources, such as fish meal. Marine gammarids may be an excellent source of essential fatty acids; however, their aquaculture using formulated diets remains untested in terms of survival, growth and nutritional value of the cultured product. Here, juveniles of 2 marine gammarid species, Gammarus locusta and Echinogammarus marinus, were maintained in controlled feeding experiments with 2 marine diets (Ulva spp. and Fucus spp.) and 2 terrestrial diets (lupin meal and carrot leaves). G. locusta exhibited higher survival rates, particularly when fed carrot leaves, an agricultural waste product. Fatty acid profiles of the resulting G. locusta product appear well suited for marine finfish nutrition, indicating high suitability of G. locusta as an aquaculture diet source. In contrast, whilst E. marinus may provide beneficial fatty acid profiles for aquatic animal nutrition, its poor growth performance in this study indicates that further dietary/culture research is required for this species. Our results indicate, for the first time, that marine gammarids are capable of trophic upgrading and can use non-marine diets for healthy growth in culture, but their suitability as a formulated feed ingredient for specific fish or crustacean species needs to be investigated individually. Future research should include the development of optimal large-scale production as well as investigation of optimal methods of inclusion of gammarids as feed ingredient for target aquaculture species.

中文翻译：

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饮食对海洋片脚类动物生长、存活和脂肪酸组成的影响：作为可持续水产养殖饲料成分的影响

快速扩张的水产养殖需要高质量、可持续的营养来源作为膳食成分。探索其他行业未充分利用资源的潜力对于替代有限的自然资源（如鱼粉）势在必行。海洋伽马可能是必需脂肪酸的极好来源；然而，他们使用配方饲料的水产养殖在养殖产品的存活、生长和营养价值方面仍未得到检验。在这里，2 种海洋 gammarid 物种的幼鱼，Gammarus locusta 和 Echinogammarus marinus，在控制饲养实验中饲养了 2 种海洋饮食（Ulva spp. 和 Fucus spp.）和 2 种陆生饮食（羽扇豆粉和胡萝卜叶）。G. locusta 表现出更高的存活率，特别是当喂食胡萝卜叶（一种农业废弃物）时。所得 G. locusta 产品的脂肪酸谱似乎非常适合海洋有鳍鱼的营养，表明 G. locusta 作为水产养殖饲料来源的高度适用性。相比之下，虽然 E. marinus 可能为水生动物营养提供有益的脂肪酸谱，但其在本研究中的不良生长性能表明该物种需要进一步的饮食/养殖研究。我们的研究结果首次表明，海洋伽马科动物能够进行营养升级，并且可以使用非海洋饮食在养殖中健康生长，但它们作为特定鱼类或甲壳类动物的配方饲料成分的适用性需要单独研究。