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Biological controls to manage Acropora-eating flatworms in coral aquaculture
Aquaculture Environment Interactions ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.3354/aei00347
JA Barton 1, 2, 3 , C Humphrey 2, 3 , DG Bourne 1, 2 , KS Hutson 1, 4
Affiliation  

Coral aquaculture is expanding to supply the marine ornamental trade and active coral reef restoration. A common pest of Acropora corals is the Acropora-eating flatworm Prosthiostomum acroporae, which can cause colonial mortality at high infestation densities on Acropora spp. We investigated the potential of 2 biological control organisms in marine aquaria for the control of P. acroporae infestations. A. millepora fragments infested with adult polyclad flatworms (5 flatworms fragment(-1)) or single egg clusters laid on Acropora skeleton were cohabited with either sixline wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia or the peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata and compared to a control (i.e. no predator) to assess their ability to consume P. acroporae at different life stages over 24 h. P. hexataenia consumed 100% of adult flatworms from A. millepora fragments (n = 9; 5 flatworms fragment(-1)), while L. vittata consumed 82.0 +/- 26.36% of adult flatworms (mean +/- SD; n= 20). Pseudocheilinus hexataenia did not consume any Prosthiostomum acroporae egg capsules, while L. vittata consumed 63.67 +/- 43.48% (n = 20) of egg capsules on the Acropora skeletons. Mean handling losses in controls were 5.83% (shrimp system) and 3.50% (fish system) of flatworms and 2.39% (fish system) and 3.50% (shrimp system) of egg capsules. Encounters between L. vittata and P. hexataenia result in predation of P. acroporae on an Acropora coral host and represent viable biological controls for reducing infestations of P. acroporae in aquaculture systems.

中文翻译:

在珊瑚养殖中管理吃鹿角珊瑚的扁虫的生物控制

珊瑚水产养殖正在扩大,以供应海洋观赏贸易和活跃的珊瑚礁恢复。鹿角珊瑚的一种常见害虫是吃鹿角珊瑚的扁虫 Prosthiostomum acroporae,它会在鹿角珊瑚属的高侵染密度下导致群体死亡。我们调查了海洋水族馆中 2 种生物控制生物控制 P. acroporae 感染的潜力。A. millepora 碎片被成虫感染(5 条扁虫碎片(-1))或放置在 Acropora 骨骼上的单个卵簇与六线濑鱼 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 或薄荷虾 Lysmata vittata 共存,并与对照(即没有捕食者)进行比较评估它们在 24 小时内在不同生命阶段消耗 P. acroporae 的能力。P. hexataenia 消耗了 100% 来自 A. millepora 片段(n = 9;5 个扁虫片段(-1)),而 L. vittata 消耗了 82.0 +/- 26.36% 的成年扁虫(平均值 +/- SD;n= 20)。Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 没有消耗任何 Prosthiostomum acroporae 卵囊,而 L. vittata 消耗了 63.67 +/- 43.48% (n = 20) 的 Acropora 骨骼上的卵囊。对照的平均处理损失为扁虫的 5.83%(虾系统)和 3.50%(鱼系统)以及卵胶囊的 2.39%(鱼系统)和 3.50%(虾系统)。L. vittata 和 P. hexataenia 之间的相遇导致 P. acroporae 对 Acropora 珊瑚宿主的捕食,并代表了减少水产养殖系统中 P. acroporae 侵染的可行生物控制措施。Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 没有消耗任何 Prosthiostomum acroporae 卵囊,而 L. vittata 消耗了 63.67 +/- 43.48% (n = 20) 的 Acropora 骨骼上的卵囊。对照的平均处理损失为扁虫的 5.83%(虾系统)和 3.50%(鱼系统)以及卵胶囊的 2.39%(鱼系统)和 3.50%(虾系统)。L. vittata 和 P. hexataenia 之间的相遇导致 P. acroporae 对 Acropora 珊瑚宿主的捕食,并代表了减少水产养殖系统中 P. acroporae 侵染的可行生物控制措施。Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 没有消耗任何 Prosthiostomum acroporae 卵囊,而 L. vittata 消耗了 63.67 +/- 43.48% (n = 20) 的 Acropora 骨骼上的卵囊。对照的平均处理损失为扁虫的 5.83%(虾系统)和 3.50%(鱼系统)以及卵胶囊的 2.39%(鱼系统)和 3.50%(虾系统)。L. vittata 和 P. hexataenia 之间的相遇导致 P. acroporae 对 Acropora 珊瑚宿主的捕食,并代表了减少水产养殖系统中 P. acroporae 侵染的可行生物控制措施。50%(虾系统)的鸡蛋胶囊。L. vittata 和 P. hexataenia 之间的相遇导致 P. acroporae 对 Acropora 珊瑚宿主的捕食,并代表了减少水产养殖系统中 P. acroporae 侵染的可行生物控制措施。50%(虾系统)的鸡蛋胶囊。L. vittata 和 P. hexataenia 之间的相遇导致 P. acroporae 对 Acropora 珊瑚宿主的捕食,并代表了减少水产养殖系统中 P. acroporae 侵染的可行生物控制措施。
更新日期:2020-02-13
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