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Bidirectional Relationship between Opioids and Disrupted Sleep: Putative Mechanisms.
Molecular Pharmacology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119107
D Eacret 1 , S C Veasey 1 , J A Blendy 2
Affiliation  

Millions of Americans suffer from opiate use disorder, and over 100 die every day from opioid overdoses. Opioid use often progresses into a vicious cycle of abuse and withdrawal, resulting in very high rates of relapse. Although the physical and psychologic symptoms of opiate withdrawal are well-documented, sleep disturbances caused by chronic opioid exposure and withdrawal are less well-understood. These substances can significantly disrupt sleep acutely and in the long term. Yet poor sleep may influence opiate use, suggesting a bidirectional feed-forward interaction between poor sleep and opioid use. The neurobiology of how opioids affect sleep and how disrupted sleep affects opioid use is not well-understood. Here, we will summarize what is known about the effects of opioids on electroencephalographic sleep in humans and in animal models. We then discuss the neurobiology interface between reward-related brain regions that mediate arousal and wakefulness as well as the effect of opioids in sleep-related brain regions and neurotransmitter systems. Finally, we summarize what is known of the mechanisms underlying opioid exposure and sleep. A critical review of such studies, as well as recommendations of studies that evaluate the impact of manipulating sleep during withdrawal, will further our understanding of the cyclical feedback between sleep and opioid use.

中文翻译:

阿片类药物与睡眠障碍之间的双向关系:推定机制。

数百万美国人患有阿片类药物使用障碍,每天有超过 100 人死于阿片类药物过量。阿片类药物的使用通常会进入滥用和戒断的恶性循环,导致非常高的复发率。尽管阿片类药物戒断的身体和心理症状有据可查,但慢性阿片类药物暴露和戒断引起的睡眠障碍却鲜为人知。从长远来看,这些物质会严重扰乱睡眠。然而,睡眠不足可能会影响阿片类药物的使用,这表明睡眠不足和阿片类药物使用之间存在双向前馈相互作用。阿片类药物如何影响睡眠以及睡眠中断如何影响阿片类药物使用的神经生物学尚不清楚。在这里,我们将总结已知的阿片类药物对人类和动物模型脑电图睡眠的影响。然后,我们讨论介导觉醒和觉醒的奖励相关大脑区域之间的神经生物学接口,以及阿片类药物对睡眠相关大脑区域和神经递质系统的影响。最后,我们总结了已知的阿片类药物暴露和睡眠潜在机制。对此类研究的批判性回顾,以及对评估戒断期间控制睡眠影响的研究的建议,将进一步加深我们对睡眠和阿片类药物使用之间周期性反馈的理解。
更新日期:2020-09-21
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