The Svalbard Airport composite series spanning the period from 1898 to the present represents one of very few long-term instrumental temperature series from the High Arctic. A homogenized monthly temperature series is available since 2014. Here we increase the resolution from a monthly to daily basis, and further digitization of historical data has reduced the uncertainty of the series. The most pronounced changes in the 120-year record occur during the last three decades. For the 1991–2018 period the number of days warmer than 0 and 5 °C has increased by 25 (21%) and 22 (59%), respectively, per year compared to the 1961–1990 standard normal. Likewise, comparing the same periods, the number of days colder than −10 and −20 °C has decreased by 42 (32%) and 27 (62%), respectively. During the entire time span of the series, the western Spitsbergen climate has gone through stepwise changes, alternating between cold and warm regimes: 1899–1929 was cold, 1930–1961 warm, 1962–1998 cold and 1999–2018 warm. The latest cold regime was 1.0 °C warmer than the first cold one, and the latest warm regime was 1.7 °C warmer than the previous warm one. For the whole series the linear trend for annual means amounts to 0.32°C/decade, which is about 3.5 times the increase of the global mean temperature for the same period. Since 1991, the rate of warming at Svalbard Airport is 1.7 °C/decade, which is more than twice the Arctic average (0.8 °C/decade, north of 66 °N) and about seven times the global average for the same period.

中文翻译：

---

重新审视扩展的斯瓦尔巴机场月度温度序列，以及 1898-2018 年相应的每日温度序列

跨越 1898 年至今的斯瓦尔巴机场复合系列代表了极少数来自高北极的长期仪器温度系列之一。2014 年起提供均质的月度温度序列。这里我们将分辨率从每月增加到每天，进一步的历史数据数字化降低了序列的不确定性。120 年记录中最显着的变化发生在过去 30 年。在 1991-2018 年期间，与 1961-1990 年的标准正常值相比，高于 0°C 和 5°C 的天数每年分别增加了 25 (21%) 和 22 (59%) 天。同样，与同期相比，低于 -10 和 -20 °C 的天数分别减少了 42 (32%) 和 27 (62%)。在整个系列的时间跨度中，斯匹次卑尔根西部的气候经历了逐步变化，冷暖交替：1899-1929 年寒冷，1930-1961 年温暖，1962-1998 年寒冷和 1999-2018 年温暖。最新冷态比第一冷态高 1.0°C，最新暖态比前一个暖态高 1.7°C。对于整个系列，年均值的线性趋势为 0.32°C/decade，约为同期全球平均气温增幅的 3.5 倍。自 1991 年以来，斯瓦尔巴机场的升温速度为 1.7°C/十年，是北极平均水平（0.8°C/十年，北纬 66°以北）的两倍多，是同期全球平均水平的七倍。最新冷态比第一冷态高 1.0°C，最新暖态比前一个暖态高 1.7°C。对于整个系列，年均值的线性趋势为 0.32°C/decade，约为同期全球平均气温增幅的 3.5 倍。自 1991 年以来，斯瓦尔巴机场的升温速度为 1.7°C/十年，是北极平均水平（0.8°C/十年，北纬 66°以北）的两倍多，是同期全球平均水平的七倍。最新冷态比第一冷态高 1.0°C，最新暖态比前一个暖态高 1.7°C。对于整个系列，年均值的线性趋势为 0.32°C/decade，约为同期全球平均气温增幅的 3.5 倍。自 1991 年以来，斯瓦尔巴机场的升温速度为 1.7°C/十年，是北极平均水平（0.8°C/十年，北纬 66°以北）的两倍多，是同期全球平均水平的七倍。