The primary features of an effective and efficient furrow opener include controlled soil disturbance and low draught and vertical force requirements. When integrated in a no-tillage seeding system, furrow openers should also have the ability to assist, and not hinder, the functions of seeding system components – such as maintaining adequate surface residue distribution, accurate and uniform placement of seeds and fertiliser, and regular inter-plant spacing. This review highlights how these goals are affected by opener type, geometry and settings, and soil and residue conditions. Typically, tine openers cause greater soil disturbance than disc openers whereas disc openers are likely to cause residue hairpinning. Winged tine openers reduce residue interference with seed placement and support greater lateral seed spread. Inverted-T openers can achieve subsurface soil shattering, which helps conserve moisture and provides good seed–soil contact. A tine opener with concave cutting edge reduces soil disturbance relative to straight and convex cutting edges. Increasing rake angle, tine width and operating depth increase degree of soil disturbance and draught requirement. Increasing forward speed reduces residue interference with sowing but might decrease the accuracy and uniformity of depth and separation of seed and fertiliser placement. Relative to common openers, bentleg openers have lower draught and penetration force requirements while combining minimal lateral soil throw with high furrow backfill, even at speeds of up to 16 km h–1. The performance of bentleg openers need to be evaluated under residue conditions and in cohesive and adhesive soils. Recommendations for future research are presented.

中文翻译：

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免耕开沟器性能：工具几何形状、设置以及与土壤和作物残留物的相互作用的回顾

有效且高效的开沟器的主要特征包括受控的土壤扰动以及低吃水和垂直力要求。当集成到免耕播种系统中时，开沟器还应该能够帮助而不是阻碍播种系统组件的功能——例如保持足够的表面残留分布、准确和均匀地放置种子和肥料，以及定期株距。这篇评论强调了这些目标如何受到开沟器类型、几何形状和设置以及土壤和残留物条件的影响。通常，开沟器比圆盘开沟器造成更大的土壤干扰，而圆盘开沟器可能会导致残留发夹。带翼尖齿开沟器减少了残留物对种子放置的干扰并支持更大的横向种子传播。倒 T 型开沟器可以实现地下土壤粉碎，这有助于保持水分并提供良好的种子 - 土壤接触。相对于直线和凸形切削刃，带有凹形切削刃的开沟器减少了土壤扰动。增加前角、齿宽和作业深度会增加土壤扰动和吃水要求的程度。增加前进速度会减少残留物对播种的干扰，但可能会降低种子和肥料放置深度和分离的准确性和均匀性。相对于普通开沟器，弯腿开沟器具有更低的吃水和穿透力要求，同时将最小的横向土壤抛撒和高沟回填结合起来，即使速度高达 16 km h-1。需要在残留条件下以及在粘性和粘性土壤中评估弯腿开沟器的性能。