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Macropods, feral goats, sheep and cattle. 2. Equivalency in what and where they eat
Rangeland Journal ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 , DOI: 10.1071/rj19059
Lester Pahl

The extent to which sheep, cattle, feral goats, red kangaroos, western grey kangaroos, euros and eastern grey kangaroos are equivalent in their use of the Australian southern rangelands is partly dependent on the extent to which their diets and foraging areas overlap. These herbivores all eat large amounts of green annual grasses, ephemeral forbs and the green leaf of perennial grasses when they are available. Overlap in use of these forages by all seven herbivores is concurrent and high. As the abundance of these preferred forages declines, sheep, cattle and feral goats consume increasing amounts of mature perennial grasses and chenopod and non-chenopod perennial forbs. Red kangaroos and western grey kangaroos continue to graze mature perennial grasses longer than sheep, cattle and feral goats, and only switch to perennial forbs when the quantity and quality of perennial grasses are poor. Consequently, overlap in use of perennial forbs by sheep, cattle, feral goats, red kangaroos and western grey kangaroos is sequential and moderately high. When palatable perennial forbs are eaten out, the diets of all herbivores except feral goats comprise predominantly dry perennial grass, and overlap is again concurrent and high. In comparison, feral goats have higher preferences for the browse of a wide range of shrubs and trees, and switch to these much earlier than the other herbivores. When perennial grasses and perennial forbs become scarce, sheep, feral goats and cattle browse large shrubs and trees, and overlap is sequential and high. If climatic conditions remain dry, then red and western grey kangaroos will also browse large shrubs and trees, but overlap between them, sheep, cattle and goats is sequential and low. In contrast to the other herbivores, the diets of euros and eastern grey kangaroos are comprised predominantly of perennial grasses, regardless of climatic conditions. As for diet composition, concurrent overlap in foraging distributions of sheep, cattle, feral goats and the four species of macropods is often low. However, over periods of several months to two or three years, as climatic conditions change, overlap in foraging distributions is sequential and high. While equivalency in what and where these herbivores eat is not quantifiable, it appears to be high overall. This is particularly so for perennial grass, which is the dominant forage for herbivores in the southern rangelands.



中文翻译:

巨足动物,野生山羊,绵羊和牛。2.在吃什么和吃什么方面相当

绵羊,牛,野山羊,红袋鼠,西部灰袋鼠,欧元和东部灰袋鼠在使用澳大利亚南部牧场时的等效程度在一定程度上取决于它们的饮食和觅食区域重叠的程度。这些草食动物都可以食用大量的一年生绿色草,临时草和多年生草的绿色叶子。所有七个食草动物在使用这些草料方面的重叠是同时发生的,而且重叠很大。随着这些优选牧草的数量减少,绵羊,牛和野山羊消耗了越来越多的成熟多年生禾本科植物以及藜足类和非藜足类多年生草。红色袋鼠和西部灰色袋鼠继续吃草多年生草比绵羊,牛和野山羊更长,当多年生草的数量和质量较差时,才改用多年生草。因此,绵羊,牛,野山羊,红色袋鼠和西部灰色袋鼠在多年生Forbs上的使用重叠是连续的且中等程度。当食用了可口的多年生禾本科植物时,除野山羊以外的所有草食动物的饮食都主要是干燥的多年生禾本科植物,并且重叠也是同时发生的,并且重叠率很高。相比之下,野生山羊更喜欢浏览各种灌木和树木,并且比其他草食动物更早地转向它们。当多年生草和多年生草变得稀缺时,绵羊,野山羊和牛会浏览大型灌木和树木,并且重叠是连续的且高度重叠。如果气候条件仍然干燥,那么红色和西部灰色袋鼠也将浏览大型灌木和树木,但是它们之间的重叠是绵羊,牛和山羊的顺序性和低性。与其他草食动物相比,欧元和东部灰袋鼠的饮食主要是多年生草,而不受气候条件的影响。至于饮食组成,绵羊,牛,野山羊和四种大型脚类动物的觅食分布的同时重叠通常很低。然而,在几个月到两年或三年的时间内,随着气候条件的变化,觅食分布的重叠是连续的并且很高。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。与其他草食动物相比,欧元和东部灰袋鼠的饮食主要是多年生草,而不受气候条件的影响。至于饮食组成,绵羊,牛,野山羊和四种大型脚类动物的觅食分布的同时重叠通常很低。然而,在几个月到两年或三年的时间里,随着气候条件的变化,觅食分布的重叠是连续的并且很高。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。与其他草食动物相比,欧元和东部灰袋鼠的饮食主要是多年生草,而不受气候条件的影响。关于饮食组成,绵羊,牛,野山羊和四种大型脚类动物的觅食分布的同时重叠通常很低。然而,在几个月到两年或三年的时间内,随着气候条件的变化,觅食分布的重叠是连续的并且很高。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。至于饮食组成,绵羊,牛,野山羊和四种大型脚类动物的觅食分布的同时重叠通常很低。然而,在几个月到两年或三年的时间内,随着气候条件的变化,觅食分布的重叠是连续的并且很高。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。关于饮食组成,绵羊,牛,野山羊和四种大型脚类动物的觅食分布的同时重叠通常很低。然而,在几个月到两年或三年的时间内,随着气候条件的变化,觅食分布的重叠是连续的并且很高。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。虽然这些草食动物在什么地方以及什么地方食用的等效性无法量化,但总体看来似乎很高。多年生草尤其如此,多年生草是南部牧场中草食动物的主要牧草。

更新日期:2020-02-11
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